Effects of Daily Consumption of an Aqueous Dispersion of Free-Phytosterols Nanoparticles on Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Yasna K Palmeiro-Silva, Raúl I Aravena, Lisette Ossio, Javiera Parro Fluxa, Yasna K Palmeiro-Silva, Raúl I Aravena, Lisette Ossio, Javiera Parro Fluxa

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) affects up to 40% of the population and is associated with heart failure, stroke and diabetes. Phytosterols (PS) could help to manage one or more MS criteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of daily supplementation of an aqueous dispersion of 2 g of free-phytosterols nanoparticles in individuals with MS over six months of intervention, compared with placebo. This double-blind study included 202 participants with MS randomly assigned into phytosterol (n = 102) and placebo (n = 100) groups. Participants were assessed at baseline, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. General health questions, anthropometric measurements and blood parameters were analysed. At week 24, the proportion of participants with high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) in the phytosterol group was 15.65% lower than in the placebo group (p-value = 0.023). Similarly, half of the participants in the phytosterol group decreased their waist circumference up to 4 cm compared with 0 cm in the placebo group (p-value = 0.0001). We reported no adverse effects (diarrhoea or vitamin D reduction); nonetheless, almost 70% of participants in the phytosterol group self-reported an improvement in bowel habits. Daily intake of free-PS nanoparticles improved some MS criteria; therefore, it might be a promising adjuvant therapy for individuals with MS (NCT02969720).

Keywords: constipation; lipoprotein; metabolic syndrome; phytosterols; triglycerides; waist circumference.

Conflict of interest statement

YKPS, LO and JPF declare no conflict of interest. RIA was an employee of Nutrartis S.A. from 2014 to 2018. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
General diagram of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow chart of the study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of participants (%) with ‘abnormal’ levels of waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), systolic/diastolic blood pressure and fasting glycaemia at V4 by the group. ns = non-significant; * statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relative difference (%) between V2 and V1, V3 and V1 and V4 and V1 for (a) total cholesterol; (b) very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c); (c) triglycerides; (d) waist circumference by the group. * Statistically significant (p < 0.05). Black lines represent the placebo group, and red lines the phytosterol group. Horizontal lines represent the interquartile range and the median. Black points (•) represent the mean for the placebo group, and red triangles (▲) represent the mean for the phytosterol group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Number of LDL-p (a) and VLDL-p (b) by subclass (small, medium and large) at V4 by the group. Black lines represent the placebo group, and red lines the phytosterol group. Horizontal lines represent the interquartile range and the median. Black points (•) represent the mean for the placebo group, and red triangles (▲) represent the mean for the phytosterol group. M and L particles are measured with the right y-axis.

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