Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, enhances NK cell activity in geriatric subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Ahmed F Elsaid, Magda Shaheen, Mamdooh Ghoneum, Ahmed F Elsaid, Magda Shaheen, Mamdooh Ghoneum

Abstract

Aging is associated with a decline in natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cell function that may contribute to increased susceptibility to malignancy and infection. A preliminary investigation was conducted examining the hypothesis that arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran/MGN-3), a denatured hemicellulose with known immunomodulatory activity, could counteract this decline in NK/NKT cell activity in geriatrics. A total of 12 healthy geriatric subjects of both sexes and over 56 years old, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of six subjects served as control and six subjects ingested Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 30 days. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation on NK/NKT cell activity was assessed using the degranulation assay. All study subjects were monitored for the development of any inadvertent side effects. In addition, the pharmacological effects of Biobran/MGN-3 on blood cell components and liver and kidney functions were also assessed. Results demonstrated that Biobran/MGN-3 had no effect on the total percentage of NK cells, however it enhanced the cytotoxic activity of induced NK cell expression of cluster of differentiation 107a, when compared with baseline values and with the placebo group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were no side effects observed, indicating that Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation was safe at the utilized dosage and for the duration of administration. Various additional beneficial effects were observed, including improved mean corpuscular volume and reduced hepatic aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels, which suggested improved liver function. It was concluded that Biobran/MGN-3 induces a significant increase in NK activity which may increase resistance to viral infections and cancers in the geriatric population. However, additional clinical trials should be conducted in the future to verify these findings.

Keywords: Biobran/MGN-3; NK cells; NKT cells; degranulation; geriatric.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on the percentage of chemically-activated NK cells that express CD107a. Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation for 1 month significantly increased the percentage of CD107a-expressing NK cells that had been chemically activated with PMA/Ionomycin treatment. Bar graph represents medians ± IQR. Wilcoxon's signed rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare within (before and after) and between (Biobran/MGN-3 vs. placebo) groups, respectively. No significant difference between the pre-treatment levels in the two groups was observed. *Significantly higher than PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells before treatment supplementation (P

Figure 2.

Flow cytometry analysis comparing the…

Figure 2.

Flow cytometry analysis comparing the effects of (A) placebo vs. (B) Biobran/MGN-3 supplementations…

Figure 2.
Flow cytometry analysis comparing the effects of (A) placebo vs. (B) Biobran/MGN-3 supplementations on CD107a expression in PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells and non-PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells. Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation for 1 month significantly increased the number of CD107a-expressing NK cells upon PMA/Ionomycin stimulation (lower right), compared to both PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells before Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation (lower middle) and PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells after 1 month of placebo treatment (upper right). CD107a expression levels in PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated and non-PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells were not significantly different in either the placebo or Biobran/MGN-3 groups prior to treatment (middle and left, respectively). NK, natural killer.

Figure 3.

Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on the…

Figure 3.

Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on the percentage of CD107a-expressing NKT (NKT-cells), which were chemically…

Figure 3.
Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on the percentage of CD107a-expressing NKT (NKT-cells), which were chemically stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin. Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation did not induce significant statistical change in the percentage of CD107a-expressing NKT cells that were chemically activated with PMA/Ionomycin compared to the basal level or to the placebo group. Bar graph represents medians ± IQR. Wilcoxon's signed rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare within (before and after) and between (Biobran/MGN-3 vs. placebo) groups, respectively. NKT, natural killer T.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Flow cytometry analysis comparing the effects of (A) placebo vs. (B) Biobran/MGN-3 supplementations on CD107a expression in PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells and non-PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells. Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation for 1 month significantly increased the number of CD107a-expressing NK cells upon PMA/Ionomycin stimulation (lower right), compared to both PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells before Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation (lower middle) and PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells after 1 month of placebo treatment (upper right). CD107a expression levels in PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated and non-PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated NK cells were not significantly different in either the placebo or Biobran/MGN-3 groups prior to treatment (middle and left, respectively). NK, natural killer.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on the percentage of CD107a-expressing NKT (NKT-cells), which were chemically stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin. Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation did not induce significant statistical change in the percentage of CD107a-expressing NKT cells that were chemically activated with PMA/Ionomycin compared to the basal level or to the placebo group. Bar graph represents medians ± IQR. Wilcoxon's signed rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare within (before and after) and between (Biobran/MGN-3 vs. placebo) groups, respectively. NKT, natural killer T.

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