Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial

Luis De Sousa-De Sousa, Hugo G Espinosa, Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz, Maria Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Sara Cerrolaza-Tudanca, Manuel Rozalén-Bustín, Samuel Fernández-Carnero, Pablo García-Fernández, Luis De Sousa-De Sousa, Hugo G Espinosa, Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz, Maria Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Sara Cerrolaza-Tudanca, Manuel Rozalén-Bustín, Samuel Fernández-Carnero, Pablo García-Fernández

Abstract

Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically those belonging to the Spanish Paralympic swimming committee. The study was a randomized, single-blind, and observer-blind, crossover clinical trial. Six athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: one treated with CRET (A); a placebo group (B) and a control group (C). The CRET group attended a twenty-minute session before being subjected to pool trials at distances of 50 and 100 m at maximum performance. Measurements were in two dimensions: time in seconds and the Borg scale for perceived exertion. Comparisons between groups were made with respect to distance and the main variables. In the case of perceived exertion, no significant changes were observed in any of the distances; however, in the case of the time variable, a significant difference was observed between Group A vs. Personal Record at 100 m distance (76.3 ± 6.8 vs. 68.4 ± 3.3). The proposed protocol and level of hyperthermia applied suggest refusal of CRET use for the 100-m distance a few minutes before sports practice. Our analysis suggests the need to modify the presented protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier under NCT number: NCT04336007.

Keywords: diathermy; paralympic athlete; performance; swimming; time trials.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cause-effect diagram (Ishikawa’s Thorn) of the theoretical effect of the application of CRET on sports performance, and the relationship between the effects of radiofrequency and factors that modify sports performance according to the literature. Source: Own elaboration.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Experimental design. Source: Own elaboration.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CONSORT flowchart. For each group, the number of participants who were randomized; received the intended treatment, and analyzed for the primary outcome. Source: Own elaboration.

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