Discriminating Value of Calprotectin in Disease Activity and Progression of Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis

Jinxian Huang, Zhihua Yin, Guoxiang Song, Shengjin Cui, Jinzhao Jiang, Lijun Zhang, Jinxian Huang, Zhihua Yin, Guoxiang Song, Shengjin Cui, Jinzhao Jiang, Lijun Zhang

Abstract

It has been controversial whether ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) are separate or different phases of radiographic progression. We determined that serum calprotectin level (ng/ml) was higher in AS (15.30 ± 6.49) and nr-axSpA (17.76 ± 8.59) patients than in healthy individuals (7.40 ± 2.67). No difference was observed in calprotectin level between these two groups. Elevated calprotectin was positively correlated with ESR, CRP, BASDAI, and ASDAS as well as SPARCC scoring and had no correlation with BASFI and mSASSS. No correlation was observed between calprotectin and Wnt/β-catenin pathway markers. Serum calprotectin can be used as a marker for inflammation in both nr-axSpA and AS, while it does not contribute to the discrimination of AS and nr-axSpA. Calprotectin-mediated inflammation was not correlated with principle effectors of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicating that inflammation and bone fusion might be separate processes of the disease.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Serum calprotectin level in the nr-axSpA group, AS group, and HC group. Serum calprotectin level (ng/ml) was significantly higher in the AS (14.16 ± 5.32) and nr-axSpA (17.76 ± 8.59) patients than that in the healthy individuals (7.40 ± 2.67) (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in calprotectin level between the AS and nr-axSpA patients (p > 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between serum calprotectin and laboratory results and clinical measurements. Correlation between serum calprotectin and ESR (r = 0.679, p = 1 × 10−6), CRP (r = 0.431, p = 2.06 × 10−6), BASDAI (r = 0.481, p = 1 × 10−6), BASFI (r = 0.154, p = 0.105), ASDAS (r = 0.378, p = 3.93 × 10−5), GSK-β (r = 0.034, p = 0.722), β-catenin (r = 0.118, p = 0.215), RUNX2 (r = 0.092, p = 0.336), SPARCC (r = 0.405, p = 9.21 × 10−6), and mSASSS (r = −0.033, p = 0.726) in patients with nr-axSpA and AS was shown.

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