Epidemiology of heart failure

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) has been singled out as an epidemic and is a staggering clinical and public health problem, associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenditures, particularly among those aged ≥ 65 years. The case mix of HF is changing over time with a growing proportion of cases presenting with preserved ejection fraction for which there is no specific treatment. Despite progress in reducing HF-related mortality, hospitalizations for HF remain frequent and rates of readmissions continue to rise. To prevent hospitalizations, a comprehensive characterization of predictors of readmission in patients with HF is imperative and must integrate the impact of multimorbidity related to coexisting conditions. New models of patient-centered care that draw on community-based resources to support HF patients with complex coexisting conditions are needed to decrease hospitalizations.

Keywords: epidemiology; heart failure; population surveillance.

Figures

Figure 1

Investigating the HF Epidemic-Conceptual Framework

Figure 2

Heart Failure Risk Factors and Putative Mechanisms

Figure 3

Prevalence of Risk Factors in Heart Failure

Figure 4

Attributable Risk of Select Risk Factors for Heart Failure