Role of serotonergic system on modulation of depressogenic-like effects of silymarine

Parichehr Yaghmaei, Shahrbanoo Oryan, Khadijeh Mohammadi, Jalal Solati, Parichehr Yaghmaei, Shahrbanoo Oryan, Khadijeh Mohammadi, Jalal Solati

Abstract

In the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. The rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a Stoelting stereotaxic instrument. A stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. The third ventricular region was infused by means of an internal cannula (27-gauge), terminated 1 mm below the tip of the guide cannula. Forced swimming test was used for evaluating the depression. The results obtained from this study showed that oral administration of silymarin (35, 70, 140 and 280 mg/rat) for two weeks increased the immobility time in forced swimming test, indicating an increase in depression level of the treated rats. Intra-third-ventricle (Intra-TV) infusion of 5HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (25 and 10 ng/rat) decreased the immobility time indicating an anti-depression effect, while injection of 5HT1A receptor antagonist NAN190 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat) had no significant effect on immobility time. An effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (10 ng/rat) co-administered with silymarin (140 and 280 mg/rat) decreased the depressogenic effects of silymarin. These results showed that the depressogenic effects of silymarin may be modulated via 5HT1A receptor of serotonin.

Keywords: 5HT1A; Depression; Rat; Serotonin; Silymarine.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of oral administration of silymarin in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 mL/rat) or with silymarin (35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/rat). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n = 7. *p

Figure 2

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle…

Figure 2

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of 8-oh-DPAT in the forced swimming test.…

Figure 2
Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of 8-oh-DPAT in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 μL/rat) or with 8-oh-DPAT (5, 10 and 25 ng/rat). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n=7. *p

Figure 3

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle…

Figure 3

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of NAN190 in the forced swimming test.…

Figure 3
Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of NAN190 in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 μL/rat) or with NAN190 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat intra-TV). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n=7. *p

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in…

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like…

Figure 4
Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. *p
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References
    1. Keller M, McCullough J, Klein D, Arnow B, Dunner D, Gelenberg A, Markowitz J, Nemeroff C, Russell J, Thase M. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New Engl. J. Med. 2000;342 - PubMed
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    1. Schlaepfer T, Cohen M, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N, Joe A, Kreft M, Lenartz D, Sturm V. Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;33:368–377. - PubMed
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Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of 8-oh-DPAT in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 μL/rat) or with 8-oh-DPAT (5, 10 and 25 ng/rat). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n=7. *p

Figure 3

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle…

Figure 3

Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of NAN190 in the forced swimming test.…

Figure 3
Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of NAN190 in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 μL/rat) or with NAN190 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat intra-TV). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n=7. *p

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in…

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like…

Figure 4
Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. *p
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. Keller M, McCullough J, Klein D, Arnow B, Dunner D, Gelenberg A, Markowitz J, Nemeroff C, Russell J, Thase M. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New Engl. J. Med. 2000;342 - PubMed
    1. Beck A, Alford B. Depression: Causes and Treatment. Univ of Pennsylvania Pr; 1972. pp. 11–23.
    1. Comstock G, Helsing K. Symptoms of depression in two communities. Psychol. Med. 2009;6:551–563. - PubMed
    1. Davis L, Bartolucci A, Petty F. Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J. Affective Disorders. 2005;85:259–266. - PubMed
    1. Schlaepfer T, Cohen M, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N, Joe A, Kreft M, Lenartz D, Sturm V. Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;33:368–377. - PubMed
Show all 27 references
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Full text links [x]
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM

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The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

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Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of bilateral intra-third ventricle injection of NAN190 in the forced swimming test. Rats were treated with either saline (1 μL/rat) or with NAN190 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/rat intra-TV). Each bar is mean ± SEM. n=7. *p

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in…

Figure 4

Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like…

Figure 4
Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. *p
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. Keller M, McCullough J, Klein D, Arnow B, Dunner D, Gelenberg A, Markowitz J, Nemeroff C, Russell J, Thase M. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New Engl. J. Med. 2000;342 - PubMed
    1. Beck A, Alford B. Depression: Causes and Treatment. Univ of Pennsylvania Pr; 1972. pp. 11–23.
    1. Comstock G, Helsing K. Symptoms of depression in two communities. Psychol. Med. 2009;6:551–563. - PubMed
    1. Davis L, Bartolucci A, Petty F. Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J. Affective Disorders. 2005;85:259–266. - PubMed
    1. Schlaepfer T, Cohen M, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N, Joe A, Kreft M, Lenartz D, Sturm V. Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;33:368–377. - PubMed
Show all 27 references
LinkOut - more resources
Full text links [x]
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of silymarin administration in the absence or presence of 8-oh-DPAT on depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. *p

References

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    1. Schlaepfer T, Cohen M, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N, Joe A, Kreft M, Lenartz D, Sturm V. Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;33:368–377.
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