Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)

Hideo Masuki, Toshimitsu Okudera, Taisuke Watanebe, Masashi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nishiyama, Hajime Okudera, Koh Nakata, Kohya Uematsu, Chen-Yao Su, Tomoyuki Kawase, Hideo Masuki, Toshimitsu Okudera, Taisuke Watanebe, Masashi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nishiyama, Hajime Okudera, Koh Nakata, Kohya Uematsu, Chen-Yao Su, Tomoyuki Kawase

Abstract

Background: The development of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) drastically simplified the preparation procedure of platelet-concentrated biomaterials, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and facilitated their clinical application. PRF's clinical effectiveness has often been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies; however, it is still controversial whether growth factors are significantly concentrated in PRF preparations to facilitate wound healing and tissue regeneration. To address this matter, we performed a comparative study of growth factor contents in PRP and its derivatives, such as advanced PRF (A-PRF) and concentrated growth factors (CGF).

Methods: PRP and its derivatives were prepared from the same peripheral blood samples collected from healthy donors. A-PRF and CGF preparations were homogenized and centrifuged to produce extracts. Platelet and white blood cell counts in A-PRF and CGF preparations were determined by subtracting those counts in red blood cell fractions, supernatant acellular serum fractions, and A-PRF/CGF exudate fractions from those counts of whole blood samples. Concentrations of growth factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, VEGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) were determined using ELISA kits.

Results: Compared to PRP preparations, both A-PRF and CGF extracts contained compatible or higher levels of platelets and platelet-derived growth factors. In a cell proliferation assay, both A-PRF and CGF extracts significantly stimulated the proliferation of human periosteal cells without significant reduction at higher doses.

Conclusions: These data clearly demonstrate that both A-PRF and CGF preparations contain significant amounts of growth factors capable of stimulating periosteal cell proliferation, suggesting that A-PRF and CGF preparations function not only as a scaffolding material but also as a reservoir to deliver certain growth factors at the site of application.

Keywords: Concentrated growth factors; Growth factor; Plasma rich in growth factors; Platelet-rich fibrin; Platelet-rich plasma.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Comparisons of platelet counts in whole blood (WB) samples and PRP and PRGF, A-PRF and CGF preparations (n = 12 (A-PRF, CGF) or 20 (PRP, PRGF))
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Concentrations of growth factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, VEGF) in PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF preparations (n = 20)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF preparations (n = 20)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effects of PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF on the proliferation of human periosteal cells. Cells were treated with PRP preparations, PRGF preparations, A-PRF extracts, or CGF extracts at the indicated doses for 48 h in 1 % FBS-containing medium. *P < 0.05 compared with the controls without nay addition (n = 4)

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