Cancer worry among BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers choosing surgery to prevent tubal/ovarian cancer: course over time and associated factors

Majke H D van Bommel, Miranda P Steenbeek, Joanna IntHout, Rosella P M G Hermens, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Marline G Harmsen, Helena C van Doorn, Marian J E Mourits, Marc van Beurden, Ronald P Zweemer, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Brigitte F M Slangen, Monique M A Brood-van Zanten, M Caroline Vos, Jurgen M Piek, Luc R C W van Lonkhuijzen, Mirjam J A Apperloo, Sjors F P J Coppus, Judith B Prins, José A E Custers, Joanne A de Hullu, Majke H D van Bommel, Miranda P Steenbeek, Joanna IntHout, Rosella P M G Hermens, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Marline G Harmsen, Helena C van Doorn, Marian J E Mourits, Marc van Beurden, Ronald P Zweemer, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Brigitte F M Slangen, Monique M A Brood-van Zanten, M Caroline Vos, Jurgen M Piek, Luc R C W van Lonkhuijzen, Mirjam J A Apperloo, Sjors F P J Coppus, Judith B Prins, José A E Custers, Joanne A de Hullu

Abstract

Objective: High cancer risks, as applicable to BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers, can induce significant cancer concerns. We examined the degree of cancer worry and the course of this worry among BRCA1/2-PV carriers undergoing surgery to prevent ovarian cancer, and identified factors associated with high cancer worry.

Methods: Cancer worry was evaluated as part of the multicentre, prospective TUBA-study (NCT02321228) in which BRCA1/2-PV carriers choose either novel risk-reducing salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy or standard risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. The Cancer Worry Scale was obtained before and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Cancer worry patterns were analysed using latent class growth analysis and associated factors were identified with regression analysis.

Results: Of all 577 BRCA1/2-PV carriers, 320 (57%) had high (≥ 14) cancer worry pre-surgery, and 54% had lower worry 12 months post-surgery than pre-surgery. Based on patterns over time, BRCA1/2-PV carriers could be classified into three groups: persistently low cancer worry (56%), persistently high cancer worry (6%), and fluctuating, mostly declining, cancer worry (37%). Factors associated with persistently high cancer concerns were age below 35 (BRCA1) or 40 (BRCA2), unemployment, previous breast cancer, lower education and a more recent BRCA1/2-PV diagnosis.

Conclusions: Some degree of cancer worry is considered normal, and most BRCA1/2-PV carriers have declining cancer worry after gynaecological risk-reducing surgery. However, a subset of these BRCA1/2-PV carriers has persisting major cancer concerns up to 1 year after surgery. They should be identified and potentially offered additional support.

Clinical trial registration: The TUBA-study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov since December 11th, 2014. Registration number: NCT02321228.

Keywords: BRCA gene; Cancer worry; Ovarian cancer; Psychology; Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy; Salpingectomy.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cancer worry pre- and 3 and 12 months post-surgery. Figure was created in SPSS

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