Expert consensus document: Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA)

Jesus M Banales, Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Marco Marzioni, Jesper B Andersen, Pietro Invernizzi, Guro E Lind, Trine Folseraas, Stuart J Forbes, Laura Fouassier, Andreas Geier, Diego F Calvisi, Joachim C Mertens, Michael Trauner, Antonio Benedetti, Luca Maroni, Javier Vaquero, Rocio I R Macias, Chiara Raggi, Maria J Perugorria, Eugenio Gaudio, Kirsten M Boberg, Jose J G Marin, Domenico Alvaro, Jesus M Banales, Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Marco Marzioni, Jesper B Andersen, Pietro Invernizzi, Guro E Lind, Trine Folseraas, Stuart J Forbes, Laura Fouassier, Andreas Geier, Diego F Calvisi, Joachim C Mertens, Michael Trauner, Antonio Benedetti, Luca Maroni, Javier Vaquero, Rocio I R Macias, Chiara Raggi, Maria J Perugorria, Eugenio Gaudio, Kirsten M Boberg, Jose J G Marin, Domenico Alvaro

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with features of biliary tract differentiation. CCA is the second most common primary liver tumour and the incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA has high mortality owing to its aggressiveness, late diagnosis and refractory nature. In May 2015, the "European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma" (ENS-CCA: www.enscca.org or www.cholangiocarcinoma.eu) was created to promote and boost international research collaboration on the study of CCA at basic, translational and clinical level. In this Consensus Statement, we aim to provide valuable information on classifications, pathological features, risk factors, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic modifications and current therapies available for this cancer. Moreover, future directions on basic and clinical investigations and plans for the ENS-CCA are highlighted.

References

    1. Nat Genet. 2015 Sep;47(9):1003-10
    1. Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 1;73(7):2259-70
    1. J Clin Invest. 2010 Sep;120(9):3326-39
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 May;110(5):646-59; quiz 660
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 May 14;11(18):2748-53
    1. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015 Jul;26(7):943-8
    1. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 Jun;24(6):870-6
    1. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81
    1. Gastroenterology. 2013 Apr;144(4):829-40
    1. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2014 Apr;23(2):247-63
    1. J Anat. 2012 Feb;220(2):186-99
    1. Cancer Cell. 2012 Mar 20;21(3):283-96
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):795-7
    1. Am J Pathol. 2006 Apr;168(4):1155-68
    1. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002 Oct;37(10):1205-11
    1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;68(4):935-44
    1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 26;110(48):19513-8
    1. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2003;10(4):288-91
    1. Cancer Sci. 2010 Aug;101(8):1913-9
    1. Hepatology. 2015 May;61(5):1627-42
    1. Am J Pathol. 2015 Jun;185(6):1724-39
    1. Liver Int. 2009 Aug;29(7):1031-42
    1. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Jan 15;22(2):470-8
    1. J Clin Invest. 2015 Mar 2;125(3):1269-85
    1. Histol Histopathol. 2014 Jan;29(1):1-10
    1. J Clin Pathol. 2006 Feb;59(2):202-6
    1. J Surg Oncol. 2015 Feb;111(2):213-20
    1. Hepatology. 1997 Oct;26(4):884-90
    1. Transpl Int. 2010 Jul;23(7):692-7
    1. Semin Liver Dis. 2014 Nov;34(4):456-64
    1. Cancer Lett. 2014 Mar 28;344(2):180-7
    1. Br J Surg. 2014 Jan;101(2):79-88
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep;16(9):2555-64
    1. Gut. 2012 Feb;61(2):170-1
    1. Br J Cancer. 2014 Sep 23;111(7):1275-84
    1. Br J Cancer. 2011 Dec 6;105(12):1885-93
    1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Mar;65(4):641-7
    1. J Hepatol. 2015 Nov;63(5):1220-8
    1. Nat Commun. 2015 Jan 22;6:6087
    1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 May;238(5):549-65
    1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):333-7
    1. Ann Surg. 1996 Oct;224(4):463-73; discussion 473-5
    1. Br J Cancer. 2009 Jan 13;100(1):178-80
    1. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13 Suppl:115-8
    1. Cancer Res. 1997 May 1;57(9):1743-9
    1. Liver Int. 2008 Dec;28(10 ):1370-80
    1. Liver Transpl. 2012 May;18(5):509-13
    1. Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 15;68(22):9184-93
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug 14;18(30):3955-61
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Jun;55(6):2040-1
    1. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2001 Oct;92(10):1127-32
    1. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Oct 2;147(7):451-9
    1. Gastroenterology. 2013 Dec;145(6):1215-29
    1. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 1;14(5):1333-9
    1. Hepatology. 2011 Aug;54(2):463-71
    1. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Dec;13(12):1569-77
    1. Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Jul;41(7):523-33
    1. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1288-96
    1. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002 Jun;55(7):870-6
    1. Nat Genet. 2013 Dec;45(12 ):1470-3
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Sep;56(3):972-81
    1. HPB (Oxford). 2015 Aug;17(8):669-80
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Sep;58(3):1065-73
    1. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 May;26(3):236-45
    1. Ann Oncol. 2014 Feb;25(2):391-8
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):896-907
    1. Int J Oncol. 2012 Aug;41(2):511-22
    1. Am J Surg. 2004 Apr;187(4):538-42
    1. Cancer Res. 2004 May 15;64(10):3517-24
    1. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Feb;38(2):134-42
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Dec;58(6):2001-11
    1. Nat Commun. 2015 Jan 30;6:6120
    1. J Clin Invest. 2012 Nov;122(11):3914-8
    1. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015 Feb;22(2):94-100
    1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Sep;306(3):861-9
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Nov 29;9(1):44-54
    1. Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;25(5):933-40
    1. Mol Med Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;3(4):597-605
    1. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jul;143(1):88-98.e3; quiz e14
    1. Br J Cancer. 2010 Aug 10;103(4):469-74
    1. ANZ J Surg. 2013 Apr;83(4):268-74
    1. Oncotarget. 2014 May 15;5(9):2839-52
    1. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2011 Sep;18(5):700-11
    1. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct;131(10):649-52
    1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Dec;189(6):1428-34
    1. J Hepatol. 2001 Aug;35(2):235-44
    1. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1975 Feb;140(2):170-8
    1. Int J Cancer. 2012 Nov 15;131(10):2234-41
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep 28;15(36):4511-7
    1. Hepatology. 2005 Dec;42(6):1329-38
    1. Nature. 2013 Sep 19;501(7467):346-54
    1. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Jul;1(4):505-27
    1. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr;29(2):245-52
    1. Hepatology. 2015 Mar;61(3):942-52
    1. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1831-47
    1. Cancer Res. 2015 Oct 1;75(19):4003-11
    1. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Oct;7(10):1704-13
    1. Gastroenterology. 2002 Apr;122(4):985-93
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Jun;59(6):2397-402
    1. HPB (Oxford). 2011 May;13(5):356-60
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Nov;20(12):3779-86
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Apr;57(4):1607-19
    1. J Hepatol. 2013 Dec;59(6):1278-84
    1. Hum Pathol. 2013 May;44(5):811-21
    1. Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 1;66(21):10517-24
    1. Hepatology. 2011 Dec;54(6):2076-88
    1. Ann Surg. 2001 Oct;234(4):507-17; discussion 517-9
    1. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015 May;3(2):136-43
    1. Tumour Biol. 2014 Jun;35(6):5357-67
    1. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Jan;6(1):1-12
    1. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jun;128(7):2054-65
    1. Dig Liver Dis. 2011 Jan;43(1):60-5
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Feb 28;9(4):231-40
    1. Lab Invest. 2011 Jul;91(7):1007-17
    1. Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):897-907
    1. Hum Pathol. 2012 Dec;43(12):2360-70
    1. Hepatology. 2011 Apr;53(4):1363-71
    1. Cell Stem Cell. 2014 Mar 6;14(3):275-91
    1. Mod Pathol. 2014 Aug;27(8):1163-73
    1. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):869-80
    1. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2012 Jun;43(2):215-23
    1. Surg Endosc. 2014 Mar;28(3):854-60
    1. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 27;282(17 ):13098-113
    1. Int J Oncol. 2013 Apr;42(4):1297-304
    1. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 1;126(9):2112-22
    1. J Hepatol. 2004 Nov;41(5):808-14
    1. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999;39:361-98
    1. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2015 Dec;39(6):718-24
    1. J Extracell Vesicles. 2015 Jan 02;4:24900
    1. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Sep;60(3):390-6
    1. Oncologist. 2014 Mar;19(3):235-42
    1. Int J Cancer. 2002 Dec 1;102(4):366-71
    1. Virchows Arch. 2014 Feb;464(2):157-63
    1. Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 16;99(6):862-7
    1. Hepatology. 2008 May;47(5):1544-56
    1. Curr Drug Targets. 2015 Feb 23;:null
    1. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):732-8
    1. J Hepatol. 2009 Aug;51(2):237-67
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jul;103(7):1716-20
    1. Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):791-8
    1. Br J Cancer. 1991 Sep;64(3):437-44
    1. Nature. 2012 Feb 15;483(7390):479-83
    1. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Jan;81(1):168-76
    1. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1A):259-65
    1. Br J Surg. 2004 Dec;91(12 ):1538-48
    1. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2009 May;25(3):279-84
    1. J Hepatol. 2012 Oct;57(4):813-20
    1. J Hepatol. 2006 Jun;44(6):1055-65
    1. World J Hepatol. 2010 Dec 27;2(12):419-27
    1. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21898-908
    1. Pharmacogenomics. 2009 Mar;10(3):339-44
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Sep;58(3):1042-53
    1. Oncol Rep. 2014 Jun;31(6):2515-24
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Aug 02;8(9):512-22
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 May;105(5):1123-32
    1. J Pathol. 2005 Jul;206(3):356-65
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jun;99(6):1069-73
    1. Hepatology. 2000 Sep;32(3):523-7
    1. Oncol Rep. 2006 Mar;15(3):525-32
    1. J Hepatol. 2001 Feb;34(2):284-91
    1. Gastroenterology. 2014 May;146(5):1397-407
    1. Chemotherapy. 2008;54(5):343-51
    1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010 Jul;299(1):G1-9
    1. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(2):R17
    1. Oncogene. 2013 Jun 20;32(25):3091-100
    1. Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Sep;50(9):1734-40
    1. J Hematol Oncol. 2011 Oct 12;4:41
    1. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar;46(3):370-5
    1. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Mar;3(3):299-307
    1. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015 Jul;139(7):848-57
    1. Surg Endosc. 2002 Apr;16(4):667-70
    1. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Jun 25;7(7):675-87
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 May 21;20(19):5721-9
    1. Cancer Res. 2015 May 1;75(9):1859-67
    1. Surg Endosc. 2016 Mar;30(3):1242-8
    1. Gastroenterology. 2000 Oct;119(4):1113-22
    1. Nature. 2011 Jan 20;469(7330):314-22
    1. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr;81(4):943-9.e1
    1. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2012 May 15;4(5):94-102
    1. Oncol Rep. 2013 Jul;30(1):448-54
    1. Ann Surg. 2013 Jul;258(1):129-40
    1. Oncol Rep. 2009 Apr;21(4):957-69
    1. Mod Pathol. 2009 Feb;22(2):182-90
    1. Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;65(8):3003-10
    1. Hepatology. 1999 Nov;30(5):1128-33
    1. HPB (Oxford). 2015 Aug;17(8):691-9
    1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):G88-95
    1. Gastroenterology. 2011 Jun;140(7):2084-94
    1. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2004 May;3(2):296-9
    1. Gut. 2012 May;61(5):753-64
    1. Am J Pathol. 2006 Sep;169(3):877-88
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Mar;59(3):947-57
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jan;99(1):45-51
    1. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(12):959-66
    1. PLoS Genet. 2014 Feb 13;10(2):e1004135
    1. Dig Surg. 2008;25(2):126-32
    1. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):674-85
    1. Am J Pathol. 2010 Jul;177(1):141-52
    1. Hepatology. 2015 Aug;62(2):496-504
    1. Oncologist. 2012;17(1):72-9
    1. Cancer. 2008 Oct 15;113(8):2119-28
    1. Semin Liver Dis. 2002 Aug;22(3):303-13
    1. Cancer Res. 2008 Aug 15;68(16):6752-61
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Mar;12(3):122
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Jun;55(6):1876-88
    1. J Clin Invest. 2013 May;123(5):1911-8
    1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2015 Oct;67:110-4
    1. Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 20;217(2):213-9
    1. J Hepatol. 2014 Aug;61(2):325-32
    1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Dec;295(6):G1150-8
    1. Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Feb;41(2):156-63
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Oct;58(4):1362-74
    1. Dig Dis. 2014;32(5):564-9
    1. Hepatology. 2015 May;61(5):1651-9
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Jun;55(6):2041-2
    1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Nov;177(5):1095-100
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Apr;8(4):189-200
    1. Br J Cancer. 2011 Jun 28;105(1):131-8
    1. J Hepatol. 2012 Jul;57(1):69-76
    1. J Control Release. 2015 Oct 28;216:93-102
    1. Hepatology. 2014 May;59(5):2034-42
    1. Br J Cancer. 2008 Jan 29;98(2):418-25
    1. Cancer. 2000 Jun 1;88(11):2471-7
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Jan;23 (1):290-6
    1. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jan;132(1):384-96
    1. Br J Cancer. 1999 Aug;80(11):1726-33
    1. Eur J Cancer. 1998 Sep;34(10):1612-7
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug;102(8):1677-82
    1. Arch Surg. 2012 Jan;147(1):26-34
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Jan;20(1):277-84
    1. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 06;9(3):e90238
    1. Ann Transl Med. 2013 Oct;1(3):27
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jun;17(6):1471-4
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Apr;59(4):1427-34
    1. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Aug;21(8):2684-98
    1. Eur J Cancer. 2012 May;48(7):990-6
    1. BMC Cancer. 2013 May 20;13:244
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Dec;58(6):1992-2000
    1. Hum Pathol. 2002 Dec;33(12):1175-81
    1. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2010 Nov 15;2(11):407-16
    1. Oncotarget. 2015 Feb 20;6(5):3178-94
    1. Hepatology. 2015 Sep;62(3):841-50
    1. Cancer Res. 2000 Jan 1;60(1):184-90
    1. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 1;63(5):1083-92
    1. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13 Suppl:125-30
    1. Endoscopy. 2004 Aug;36(8):715-9
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;9(3):590-4
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 7;17 (9):1192-8
    1. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 26;8(7):e69928
    1. J Clin Invest. 2012 Aug;122(8):2911-5
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec;11(12 ):703
    1. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 15;5:5696
    1. Hepatology. 2011 Nov;54(5):1718-28
    1. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Jun;11(6):350-61
    1. J Hepatol. 2015 Jan;62(1):198-207
    1. J Hepatol. 2014 Mar;60(3):599-605
    1. Cancer Biol Ther. 2011 May 1;11(9):801-11
    1. Hepatology. 2011 Sep 2;54(3):890-9
    1. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010 Sep;161(3):471-9
    1. J Surg Res. 2014 Nov;192(1):117-23
    1. Hepatology. 1999 Jul;30(1):325-32
    1. Ann Oncol. 2014 Dec;25(12):2328-38
    1. Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Nov;24(10):1020-9
    1. Cancer Discov. 2013 Jun;3(6):636-47
    1. Hum Pathol. 1998 Feb;29(2):175-80
    1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):G31-6
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Feb;59(2):544-54
    1. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jan;120(1):190-9
    1. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2012 Sep;9(3):189-95
    1. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 15;65(24):11437-46
    1. Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):660-78
    1. Lancet. 2005 Oct 8;366(9493):1303-14
    1. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar;99(3):523-6
    1. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Oct 7;139(7):547-57
    1. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007 Nov;11(11):1488-96; discussion 1496-7
    1. Pathol Int. 2011 May;61(5):298-305
    1. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013 Apr;17(4):739-47
    1. Pathobiology. 2013;80(4):182-93
    1. Cancer. 2011 May 15;117(10):2170-7
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):782-4
    1. Cancer Lett. 2010 Oct 1;296(1):27-34
    1. Dig Liver Dis. 2012 Feb;44(2):134-42
    1. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Feb 14;16(6):713-22
    1. Exp Cell Res. 2010 May 15;316(9):1465-78
    1. Int J Cancer. 2010 Jul 1;127(1):43-54
    1. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2010 Feb;20(1):65-71
    1. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 08;8(10 ):e76830
    1. Mol Cancer Res. 2014 Jan;12 (1):91-100
    1. Jpn J Surg. 1986 Sep;16(5):367-70
    1. Nature. 2014 Sep 4;513(7516):110-4
    1. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Oct;52(4):534-40
    1. Mol Pharm. 2012 Jun 4;9(6):1693-704
    1. Pathol Oncol Res. 2014 Jul;20(3):655-60
    1. Nat Genet. 2012 May 06;44(6):690-3
    1. Hepatology. 2004 Apr;39(4):1028-37
    1. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;31(6):625-33
    1. Hepatology. 2013 Mar;57(3):1035-45
    1. J Hepatol. 2013 Jun;58(6):1188-93
    1. Hepatology. 2012 Oct;56(4):1585-6; author reply 1586
    1. J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jan;49(1):64-72
    1. J Hepatol. 2014 Jun;60(6):1268-89
    1. Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):908-18
    1. Gut. 2012 Dec;61(12 ):1657-69
    1. Cancer Cell. 2012 Mar 20;21(3):309-22
    1. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug 09;12 :103
    1. Gastroenterology. 2012 Apr;142(4):1021-1031.e15
    1. Gastroenterology. 2003 Nov;125(5):1355-63
    1. Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 15;64(4):1369-76
    1. J Hepatol. 2016 Mar;64(3):609-17
    1. Clin Radiol. 2011 Apr;66(4):322-8
    1. Cancer Res. 2015 Apr 1;75(7):1388-98
    1. Nat Genet. 2013 Dec;45(12 ):1474-8

Source: PubMed

Sponsor e collaboratori

Condizioni mediche

Interventi farmacologici

3
Sottoscrivi