The Effect of Milk Proteins on Satiety, Food Intake and Metabolic Control (Glycemia) in Early Adulthood

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI 20 - 24.9 kg/m2
• Healthy as determined by screening questionnaire
• Male or Female
• Non-smoking
• Normal fasting plasma glucose (<5.5 mmol/L), but not below 3.3 mmol/L.
• Prior use of acetaminophen

Exclusion Criteria:

• Gastrointestinal conditions or illness (including, but not limited to, lactose intolerance, Celiac, Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Irritable Bowel Disorder (IBD)
• Weight loss or weight gain of more than 5 kg during the previous 2 months
• Taking medication or protein supplements (excluding oral contraceptive, multivitamins and folic acid)
• Serious medical condition (ie. Renal, liver)
• Lack of appetite or skipping breakfast
• Restrained eaters as defined as having a Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Cognitive Restraint >16
• Smoking
• Reported intolerance to milk or very low consumption (< 2 servings per week) as assessed by in-person screening. Or not liking of the research foods.
• Food allergies or intolerances as well as anaphylactic or life-threatening allergies - food or otherwise
• Diabetes or other metabolic diseases that could interfere with study outcomes
• Acetaminophen, codeine or opioid allergy
• Pregnant or Breast Feeding
• Typical alcohol consumption of not more than 4 drinks per sitting