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Effects of Native Whey or Milk Supplementation on Adaptations to 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly

2017년 1월 24일 업데이트: Truls Raastad, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences

Effects of Native Whey and Milk Supplementation on Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength After 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly

The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk.

연구 개요

상세 설명

Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than milk. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.

The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.

The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the changes in muscle hypertrophy and strength after a 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) week training intervention with daily supplementation of either 2x20g of native whey or milk proteins in young and elderly individuals. In order to explain potential differences between supplements an acute study investigating acute responses in blood amino acid concentrations and intracellular signalling is planned, in a subgroup of participants, before and after the training intervention.

The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce greater muscle hypertrophy and strength gains than milk.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (실제)

66

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 장소

      • Oslo, 노르웨이, 0863
        • Norwegian School of Sport Sciences

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

20년 이상 (성인, 고령자)

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

연구 대상 성별

모두

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
  • Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
  • Between 20 and 45, or above 70 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
  • Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Allergy to milk
  • Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 기초 과학
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 네 배로

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
위약 비교기: Milk supplementation
11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g milk protein.
실험적: Native whey
11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g native whey protein.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Lean mass
기간: Before the training intervention
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Before the training intervention
Lean mass
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
After 11-12 weeks of strength training

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
기간: Before the training intervention
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Before the training intervention
Thigh muscle cross sectional area
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
기간: Before the training intervention
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Before the training intervention
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Arm cross sectional area
기간: Before the training intervention
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Before the training intervention
Arm cross sectional area
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Thickness of the lateral vasti
기간: Before the training intervention
Measured by ultrasound
Before the training intervention
Thickness of the lateral vasti
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured by ultrasound
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in leg press
기간: Before the training intervention
Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in leg press
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in bench press
기간: Before the training intervention
Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in bench press
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
기간: 30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Plasma amino acid concentration
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Plasma amino acid concentration
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
기간: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.
15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
기간: 15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.
15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum glucose
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum glucose
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum insulin
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum insulin
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum urea
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum urea
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum creatine kinase
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum creatine kinase
기간: 60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA
기간: 30 min after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
30 min after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
기간: Before training intervention
Before training intervention
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
기간: Before training intervention
Before training intervention
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
기간: Before training intervention
Before training intervention
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
기간: Before training intervention
Before training intervention
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)
기간: After 11-12 weeks of strength training
After 11-12 weeks of strength training

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연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작

2014년 8월 1일

기본 완료 (실제)

2015년 6월 1일

연구 완료 (실제)

2016년 11월 1일

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최초 제출

2017년 1월 19일

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2017년 1월 27일

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2017년 1월 27일

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  • Tine 12wk

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