Effects of Native Whey or Milk Supplementation on Adaptations to 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly

Effects of Native Whey and Milk Supplementation on Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength After 12 Weeks of Strength Training in Young and Elderly

The aim of this study is to investigate the long term adaptations to 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training when supplemented with native whey or milk. The investigators hypothesize that native whey will give greater increases in muscle hypertrophy and strength than milk.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Elderly; Young
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Strength training; Dietary supplement: Milk; Dietary supplement: Native whey

Detailed Description

Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than milk. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.

The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.

The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the changes in muscle hypertrophy and strength after a 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) week training intervention with daily supplementation of either 2x20g of native whey or milk proteins in young and elderly individuals. In order to explain potential differences between supplements an acute study investigating acute responses in blood amino acid concentrations and intracellular signalling is planned, in a subgroup of participants, before and after the training intervention.

The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce greater muscle hypertrophy and strength gains than milk.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 66
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Norway
  • Oslo, Norway, 0863
    • Norwegian School of Sport Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
• Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
• Between 20 and 45, or above 70 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
• Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
• Lactose intolerance
• Allergy to milk
• Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Milk supplementation; 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g milk protein.	Other: Strength training; Dietary supplement: Milk
Experimental: Native whey; 11 (elderly) or 12 (young) weeks of strength training and daily supplementation of 2x20g native whey protein.	Other: Strength training; Dietary supplement: Native whey

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lean mass	Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	Before the training intervention
Lean mass	Measured by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	After 11-12 weeks of strength training

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Thigh muscle cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Before the training intervention
Thigh muscle cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Before the training intervention
Pectoralis muscle cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Arm cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	Before the training intervention
Arm cross sectional area	Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Thickness of the lateral vasti	Measured by ultrasound	Before the training intervention
Thickness of the lateral vasti	Measured by ultrasound	After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in leg press		Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in leg press		After 11-12 weeks of strength training
1 repetition maximum in bench press		Before the training intervention
1 repetition maximum in bench press		After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline	Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot	30 min before and 2 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Plasma amino acid concentration		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Plasma amino acid concentration		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline	Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.	15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline	Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.	15 min before, 10 min, 2.5 hours and 24 hours after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum glucose		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum glucose		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum insulin		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum insulin		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum urea		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum urea		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Serum creatine kinase		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, before the training intervention
Serum creatine kinase		60 min before and 45, 60, 75 and 120 min after exercise and protein supplement intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Tumor necrosis factor alfa mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 6 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 6 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 8 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 8 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1b mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1b mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 4 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 4 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 10 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 10 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Interleukin 17D mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Interleukin 17D mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Coactivator 1 Alpha mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Uncoupling Protein 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen CD36 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Toll Like Receptor 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 5 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 36 Member 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Muscle-Specific RING Finger Protein 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Atrogin-1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Atrogin-1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box Protein O1A mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Forkhead Box O3 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 7 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 2 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myosin Heavy Chain 1mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Mast Cell Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Myostatin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Striated Muscle Activator Of Rho-Dependent Signaling mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
JunB Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Actin, Alpha 1, Skeletal Muscle mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Colony Stimulating Factor 3 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
TATA-Box Binding Protein mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Filamin B mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		2 hours after exercise and protein intake, before training intervention
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min before exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Beta-2-Microglobulin mRNA Myosin Heavy Chain 1 mRNA		30 min after exercise and protein intake, after 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)		Before training intervention
Fasting cholesterol (only in elderly)		After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)		Before training intervention
Fasting triglycerides (only in elderly)		After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)		Before training intervention
Fasting LDL (only in elderly)		After 11-12 weeks of strength training
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)		Before training intervention
Fasting HDL (only in elderly)		After 11-12 weeks of strength training

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
• Collaborators: The Research Council of Norway; Tine

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: August 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 19, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2017
• First Posted (Estimate): January 27, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 27, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2017
• Last Verified: January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Tine 12wk

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED