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Bilateral Versus Unilateral Lymph Node Dissection in High-Risk Prostate Cancer (BALANCE) (BALANCE)
Bilateral or Unilateral Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in High-Risk Prostate Cancer: The BALANCE Randomized Controlled Trial
BALANCE is a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolling men with unilateral high-risk localized prostate cancer identified by prostate biopsy, multiparametric MRI, and PSMA PET imaging. Eligible patients scheduled for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either unilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection or bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection.
Pelvic lymph node dissection is commonly performed in high-risk prostate cancer for staging purposes, but its therapeutic benefit remains uncertain and the procedure may increase operative time, costs, and postoperative morbidity. Modern imaging techniques may improve the identification of patients with predominantly unilateral disease and support a more selective surgical approach.
The co-primary objectives are to compare 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival and early postoperative PSA persistence between the two surgical strategies. Secondary objectives include comparison of perioperative complications, operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, quality of life, long-term oncologic outcomes, and costs.
This study is designed to determine whether unilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection can reduce surgical morbidity while preserving oncologic outcomes in appropriately selected patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Conditie
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
- Naam: Chiara Fiameni
- Telefoonnummer: +39 011 633 6591
- E-mail: chiara.fiameni@unito.it
Studie Contact Back-up
- Naam: Alessandro Marquis, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 011 633 6591
- E-mail: alessandro.marquis@unito.it
Studie Locaties
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Bologna, Italië, 40138
- Nog niet aan het werven
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola-Malpighi & University of Bologna
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Contact:
- Giovanni Olivieri, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0512142373
- E-mail: giovanni.olivieri@aosp.bo.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Lorenzo Bianchi, MD
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Florence, Italië, 50134
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Università degli Studi di Firenze / AOU Careggi
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Contact:
- Francesco Sessa, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0552758011
- E-mail: francesco.sessa@unifi.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Francesco Sessa, MD
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Foggia, Italië, 71122
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Università degli Studi di Foggia / AO Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia
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Contact:
- Ugo Falagario, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0881 732111
- E-mail: ugo.falagario@unifg.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Ugo Falagario, MD
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Genova, Italië, 16132
- Nog niet aan het werven
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino & University of Genoa
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Matteo Bauckneht, MD
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Contact:
- Francesca Ambrosini, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 010 555 3473
- E-mail: f.ambrosini@gmail.com
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Milan, Italië, 20162
- Nog niet aan het werven
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
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Contact:
- Stefano Tappero, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 02 6444 7896
- E-mail: stefano.tappero@ospedaleniguarda.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Paolo Dell'Oglio, MD
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Milan, Italië, 20141
- Nog niet aan het werven
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia
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Contact:
- Laura Adamoli, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 02 57489 1
- E-mail: laura.adamoli@ieo.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Ettore Di Trapani, MD
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Modena, Italië, 41124
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Università degli Studi di Modena / AOU Modena
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Contact:
- Natal Rodriguez, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 059 3962138
- E-mail: natlrodriguez647@gmail.com
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Stefano Puliatti, MD
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Naples, Italië, 80131
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G. Pascale"
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Contact:
- Eleonora Monteleone
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0815903416
- E-mail: eleonora.monteleone@istitutotumori.na.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Gianluca Spena, MD
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Roma, Italië, 00133
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Università Tor Vergata / Policlinico Tor Vergata
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Contact:
- Simone Albisinni, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 06 2090 2975
- E-mail: simone.albisinni@uniroma2.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Simone Albisinni, MD
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Roma, Italië, 00144
- Nog niet aan het werven
- IFO - Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Giuseppe Simone, MD
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Contact:
- Federica Struglia
- Telefoonnummer: +39 06 52666217
- E-mail: federica.struglia@ifo.it
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Roma, Italië, 00168
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS & Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
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Contact:
- Maria Chiara Sighinolfi, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 06 3015 5290
- E-mail: mariachiara.sighinolfi@policlinicogemelli.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Bernardo Maria Cesare Rocco, MD
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Torino, Italië, 10126
- Werving
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Ospedale Molinette
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Contact:
- Chiara Fiameni
- Telefoonnummer: +39 011 633 6591
- E-mail: chiara.fiameni@unito.it
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Contact:
- Alessandro Marquis, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 011 633 6591
- E-mail: alessandro.marquis@unito.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Giancarlo Marra, MD
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Verona, Italië, 37134
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Università degli Studi di Verona / AOU Verona
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Contact:
- Sarah Malandra
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0458122178
- E-mail: sarah.malandra@univr.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Riccardo Bertolo, MD
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Milano
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Rozzano, Milano, Italië, 20089
- Nog niet aan het werven
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre & Humanitas University
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Contact:
- Massimo Lazzeri, MD
- Telefoonnummer: +39 0282241
- E-mail: massimo.lazzeri@humanitas.it
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Hoofdonderzoeker:
- Giovanni Lughezzani, MD
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Volwassen
- Oudere volwassene
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male patients aged 18 years or older
- Histologically confirmed unilateral high-risk localized prostate cancer, defined by at least one of the following: ISUP Grade Group 4 or 5; suspicion of at least cT3a disease on multiparametric MRI and/or PSMA PET; or PSA greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL with a unilateral index lesion
- Unilateral features of the index lesion defined by biopsy, multiparametric MRI, and PSMA PET
- No PSMA PET-positive pelvic lymph nodes contralateral to the dominant side of the prostate cancer
- No significant contralateral PSMA uptake on the non-dominant side, defined as lesions with PRIMARY score 3 to 5
- No contralateral index lesion on multiparametric MRI subsequently confirmed by prostate biopsy
- No high-risk histology on the side contralateral to the dominant lesion, including ISUP Grade Group greater than 3 or unconventional prostate cancer histology
- No frank extracapsular invasion or seminal vesicle invasion on the contralateral side
- Up to two positive systematic cores with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease or up to four with favorable intermediate-risk disease are allowed on the contralateral side
- A maximum of two pelvic PSMA-positive lymph nodes allowed on the dominant side
- Clinically localized disease, defined as less than cT4 on multiparametric MRI and no distant metastases, including no retroperitoneal lymph nodes on PSMA PET
- Life expectancy greater than 10 years according to physician judgment
- Scheduled for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and fit for surgery
- Written informed consent provided
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any prostate cancer treatment prior to prostatectomy, including androgen deprivation therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or focal ablative therapy
- Prior active treatment for prostate cancer
- Contralateral ISUP Grade Group 4 to 5 prostate cancer
- Contralateral ISUP Grade Group 2 in more than 4 positive cores or ISUP Grade Group 3 in more than 2 positive cores
- Contralateral cT3 disease on multiparametric MRI
- N1 or M1 disease on PSMA PET or multiparametric MRI, except for up to two positive pelvic lymph nodes on the dominant side
- No systematic prostate biopsies performed, with a minimum of 10 cores, and targeted biopsies when a target lesion is present
- Other active malignancy
- Contraindication to multiparametric MRI and/or PSMA PET
- Inability to provide written informed consent
- Age younger than 18 years
- ASA score greater than 3
- Any contraindication to pelvic lymph node dissection
- Severe psychiatric disease
- Inadequate hematologic and/or coagulation function
- Active infection
- Any other serious medical, psychiatric, psychological, familial, or geographic condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, may interfere with staging, treatment, follow-up, compliance, or increase treatment-related risk
- Patients with prior malignancy treated with curative intent are eligible only with mandatory approval by the local multidisciplinary tumor board
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Behandeling
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
|
Experimenteel: Unilateral Extended PLND
Extended pelvic lymph node dissection performed only on the side of the dominant prostate cancer lesion during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
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Extended pelvic lymph node dissection performed only on the side of the dominant lesion, as defined by biopsy, multiparametric MRI, and PSMA PET findings.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Bilateral Extended PLND
Extended pelvic lymph node dissection performed bilaterally during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
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Extended pelvic lymph node dissection performed bilaterally according to the study surgical template during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
|
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Biochemical Recurrence-Free Survival
Tijdsspanne: 3 years after surgery
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Biochemical recurrence defined as postoperative PSA greater than 0.1 ng/mL with three consecutive rises or initiation of prostate cancer-specific secondary treatment more than 6 months after surgery
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3 years after surgery
|
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PSA Persistence
Tijdsspanne: 8 weeks after surgery
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Postoperative PSA greater than 0.1 ng/mL at 6 weeks after surgery confirmed by an additional PSA measurement performed 2 weeks later.
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8 weeks after surgery
|
Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Perioperative Complications
Tijdsspanne: Up to 6 months after surgery
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Complications graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification and assessed for likelihood of being related to pelvic lymph node dissection.
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Up to 6 months after surgery
|
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Operative Time
Tijdsspanne: During surgery
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Total operative time recorded during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.
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During surgery
|
|
Estimated Blood Loss
Tijdsspanne: During surgery
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Intraoperative estimated blood loss.
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During surgery
|
|
Length of Hospital Stay
Tijdsspanne: During the index hospitalization, up to 90 days after surgery
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Number of days from surgery to discharge from the index hospitalization.
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During the index hospitalization, up to 90 days after surgery
|
|
Overall Prostate Cancer Quality of Life Score Assessed Using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP)
Tijdsspanne: 1 year after surgery
|
Overall prostate cancer-related quality of life assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice questionnaire.
The overall score is calculated by summing the five domain summary scores: urinary incontinence, urinary irritation/obstruction, bowel, sexual, and vitality/hormonal.
Total scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms and poorer quality of life.
|
1 year after surgery
|
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Treatment-Free Survival
Tijdsspanne: 3 years after surgery
|
Absence of any salvage local or systemic treatment after surgery.
|
3 years after surgery
|
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Systemic Treatment-Free Survival
Tijdsspanne: 3 years after surgery
|
Absence of systemic treatment after surgery.
|
3 years after surgery
|
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Metastasis-Free Survival
Tijdsspanne: 3 years after surgery
|
Absence of metastatic disease during follow-up, including PSMA PET assessment when clinically indicated after multidisciplinary discussion.
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3 years after surgery
|
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Cost-Effectiveness
Tijdsspanne: 1 year after surgery
|
Cost-effectiveness assessed as incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year at 1 year after surgery.
|
1 year after surgery
|
Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Giancarlo Marra, MD, Principal Investigator
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Trefwoorden
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- BALANCE_UTORINO_2026
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Beschrijving IPD-plan
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
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