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Impact of Mirror Therapy Combined With Conventional Training on Gait and Lower Limb Motor Function Among Post-Stroke Patients

28 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Ibadat International University, Islamabad
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy combined with conventional training on gait and lower limb motor function among post-stroke patients. Stroke remains a worldwide health crisis, persistently ranking as a leading cause of long-term severe disability. The study will evaluate the gait and lower limb motor function.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

52

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

  • Pakistan
    • Balochistan
      • Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
        • Werving
        • Department of Physical Therapy at suleman medical complex hospital, Quetta.
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with the first-ever unilateral stroke.
  • Duration of stroke between 3 months and 6 months (subacute to chronic stage).
  • Both male and female patients aged 40 to 70 years.
  • Ability to walk at least 10 meters independently.
  • Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score >24.
  • Brunnstrom stage of recovery for the lower limb is > 3, indicating some voluntary movement out of synergy.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe cognitive impairment, perceptual deficits, or inability to follow simple verbal commands (e.g., severe aphasia or low MMSE score).
  • Presence of other neurological disorders affecting motor performance such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, or cerebellar disorders.
  • Severe musculoskeletal disorders of the lower limb, including fracture, contracture, severe osteoarthritis, or pain limiting participation in exercise.
  • Uncontrolled medical conditions such as unstable hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, a recent cardiac event, or other conditions making exercise unsafe.
  • Severe visual impairment, vestibular dysfunction, or hearing loss that may interfere with treatment instructions or mirror-based feedback.
  • Severe unilateral neglect (hemispatial neglect) or apraxia interfering with task performance.
  • Current participation in another physiotherapy, rehabilitation, or interventional research study during the data collection period.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Group A
Participants in this group will receive mirror therapy-based functional training with conventional lower limb training. This training program will focus on gait and lower limb motor function.
Ander: Mirror Therapy Based Functional Training

(Basic) - Sitting position:

  • Ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (simulating pressing a gas pedal)
  • Knee extension/flexion (simulating kicking a ball)
  • Hip flexion/extension (simulating marching)
  • Ankle circling in both directions (Intermediate)-Sitting to standing transition:
  • Performing "stepping" movements while seated
  • Simulated sit-to-stand movements focusing on weight transfer observed in the reflection
  • Sliding the foot forward and backward along the floor (simulating the swing phase of gait)
  • Heel slides (Advanced) - Standing position:
  • Heel raises and toe raises in standing
  • Weight shifting between limbs observing symmetry in the mirror
  • Mini squats and half squats with mirror feedback
  • Stepping forward, backward, and laterally
  • Tracing shapes or following a moving target with the foot
  • Practicing coordinated ankle movements essential for navigating uneven terrain.
Ander: Conventional Lower Limb Training

Passive and active-assisted range of motion exercises for hip, knee, and ankle joints of the affected limb

  • Bridging exercises
  • Ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion against manual resistance or TheraBand
  • Seated knee extension
  • Mini squats
  • Heel raises
  • Straight leg raises
  • Weight shifting in standing (side-to-side and front-toback)
  • Sit-to-stand transfers
  • Tandem standing
  • Single-leg stance (with support as needed)
  • Standing on foam surface (if available)
  • Practice walking on level surfaces with emphasis on weight-bearing on affected limb
  • Focus on heel strike and push-off phases
  • Verbal cues for step length and symmetry
  • Gait speed variations (slow to moderate pace)
  • Gentle stretching of hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles
Actieve vergelijker: Group B
Participants in this group will receive conventional lower limb training. This training program will focus on gait and lower limb motor function.
Ander: Conventional Lower Limb Training

Passive and active-assisted range of motion exercises for hip, knee, and ankle joints of the affected limb

  • Bridging exercises
  • Ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion against manual resistance or TheraBand
  • Seated knee extension
  • Mini squats
  • Heel raises
  • Straight leg raises
  • Weight shifting in standing (side-to-side and front-toback)
  • Sit-to-stand transfers
  • Tandem standing
  • Single-leg stance (with support as needed)
  • Standing on foam surface (if available)
  • Practice walking on level surfaces with emphasis on weight-bearing on affected limb
  • Focus on heel strike and push-off phases
  • Verbal cues for step length and symmetry
  • Gait speed variations (slow to moderate pace)
  • Gentle stretching of hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
This test measures gait speed (m/s) over a short distance and is a highly sensitive measure of functional walking ability. It has excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95 to 0.99) in individuals with chronic stroke and is considered a valid core outcome measure for gait recovery.
Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
This test assesses functional mobility and dynamic balance by measuring the time (in seconds) it takes an individual to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down. It demonstrates excellent reliability (ICC = 0.95) in the stroke population and is highly responsive to changes in mobility.
Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity (FMA-LE)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
This is a stroke-specific performance-based impairment index used to quantitatively measure motor function, sensation, and coordination in the lower limb. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing motor recovery after stroke, with high inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.97).
Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.
This is a valid and reliable observational gait analysis tool specifically designed for the qualitative assessment of hemiplegic gait. It assesses 14 observable parameters across different phases of gait (e.g., stance, swing) and has high inter-rater (r = 0.91) and test-retest (r = 0.92) reliability in stroke patients (Rodriquez et al., 1996). The WGS was selected to capture the nuanced spatiotemporal improvements in gait pattern (e.g., step length, symmetry) that are clinically meaningful but may not be fully reflected in speed or timed tests alone.
Baseline, Weeks 3 and 6.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Ibadat International University, Islamabad

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

  • GBD 2021 Stroke Collaborators. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Neurology, 22(10), 915-939. 2. Khan, M., Ahmed, S., & Anwar, S. (2022). Burden of stroke in Pakistan: A growing concern. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 72(2), 242-246. 3. Li, S., Francisco, G. E., & Zhou, P. (2018). Post-stroke hemiplegic gait: New perspective and insights. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 29(4), 719-735. 4. Hatem, S. M., Saussez, G., Della Faille, M., Prist, V., Zhang, X., Dispa, D., et al. (2016). Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: A multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 442. 5. Garrison, K. A., Winstein, C. J., & Aziz-Zadeh, L. (2010). The mirror neuron system: A neural substrate for methods in stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 24(5), 404-412. 6. Thieme, H., Morkisch, N., Mehrholz, J., Pohl, M., Behrens, J., & Dohle, C. (2018). Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD008449. 7. Broderick, P., Horgan, F., Blake, C., & O'Keeffe, M. (2022). Mirror therapy for improving lower limb motor function and mobility after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation, 36(4), 437-453. 8. Veerbeek, J. M., van Wegen, E., van Peppen, R., van der Wees, P. J., Hendriks, E., Rietberg, M., et al. (2014). What is the evidence for physical therapy poststroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e87987. 9. Hornby, T. G., Reisman, D. S., Ward, I. G., Scheets, P. L., Miller, A., Haddad, D., et al. (2020). Clinical practice guideline to improve locomotor function following chronic stroke, incomplete spinal cord injury, and brain injury. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 44(1), 49-100.

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

15 april 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

20 september 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

25 september 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

6 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

28 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

1 september 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

1 september 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

28 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • IIUI/RERC/ADT/2026/05/260

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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