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Effect of TMS Treatment on Defense Mechanisms and Functionality in Patients With Depression

7. oktober 2026 oppdatert av: Kardelen Erdoğan, Namik Kemal University

The Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Treatment on Defense Mechanisms and Functionality in Patients With Depression

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate changes in psychological defense mechanisms in patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) therapy. The study investigates whether rTMS induces a shift from immature to more mature defense mechanisms and assesses how these changes relate to improvements in depressive symptom severity, anxiety levels, and overall functionality at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Major depressiv lidelse (MDD)

Detaljert beskrivelse

Major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly impacts mood, cognitive function, and psychological defense structures. While repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an established non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for depression, its influence on psychodynamic constructs such as defense mechanisms remains insufficiently explored.

This single-center prospective study will enroll 50 adult participants (aged 18-65) diagnosed with non-psychotic MDD according to DSM-5 criteria (confirmed via SCID-5). Participants will receive rTMS treatment as part of their standard clinical care. Clinical assessments will be conducted by a blinded researcher at three time points: baseline (pre-treatment), 1 month, and 3 months post-baseline.

Primary outcomes will measure shifts in defense mechanism styles (mature, neurotic, immature) using the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Secondary outcomes will assess depressive symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAM-D), anxiety levels (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - HAM-A), clinical severity and improvement (Clinical Global Impression Scale - CGI), and functional impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - WHODAS 2.0).

Studietype

Observasjonsmessig

Registrering (Antatt)

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Navn: Kardelen Erdoğan, MD
Telefonnummer: +90 543 691 87 52
E-post: kardelenerdogan@nku.edu.tr

Studiesteder

Tyrkia (Türkiye)
- - Tekirdağ, Tyrkia (Türkiye)
    - Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
    - Ta kontakt med:
      
      kardeeln erdoğan, MD
      
      Telefonnummer: +90 543 691 87 52
      
      E-post: kardelenerdogan@nku.edu.tr

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

18 år til 65 år (Voksen, Eldre voksen)

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Kjønn som er kvalifisert for studier

Alle

Prøvetakingsmetode

Ikke-sannsynlighetsprøve

Studiepopulasjon

Adults aged 18-65 years with non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD) who are evaluated for suitability for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment at the Psychiatry Clinic/TMS Unit of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Hospital. The diagnosis of MDD will be confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). Approximately 50 participants who meet the eligibility criteria and provide written informed consent will be included.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

Age between 18 and 65 years
Diagnosis of major depressive disorder without psychotic features according to DSM-5 criteria
Confirmation of diagnosis via SCID
Major depressive disorder as the primary reason for admission
Willingness to participate and signing the written informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of contraindications for TMS (e.g., metallic implants)
Known active psychotic symptoms
History of TMS treatment in the past 3 months
Presence of known organic brain syndrome, neurological, or major systemic medical conditions
Presence of known intellectual disability or significant cognitive impairment
Active substance or alcohol use disorder
Illiteracy

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

Observasjonsmodeller: COHORT
Tidsperspektiver: PROSPECTIVE

Antall grupper / kohorter

Kohorter og intervensjoner

Gruppe / Kohort
TMS Treatment Group Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder receiving Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation therapy.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål	Tiltaksbeskrivelse	Tidsramme
Change in Defense Mechanisms (Defense Style Questionnaire - DSQ) Tidsramme: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Evaluates shifts in mature, neurotic, and immature psychological defense mechanism styles in patients with major depressive disorder following TMS treatment.	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål	Tiltaksbeskrivelse	Tidsramme
Change in Anxiety Symptom Severity (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - HAM-A) Tidsramme: Baseline, 1 month and 3 months	Assesses psychic and somatic anxiety symptom severity.	Baseline, 1 month and 3 months
Change in Depressive Symptom Severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAM-D) Tidsramme: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Assesses the severity of depressive symptoms	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months
Change in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Tidsramme: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Measures overall illness severity and clinical improvement.	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months
Change in Disability and Functionality (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - WHODAS 2.0) Tidsramme: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Evaluates level of functional disability across six domains (understanding/communicating, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, participation).	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Namik Kemal University

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. oktober 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

1. april 2027

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

1. juli 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

27. september 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene