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Effect of TMS Treatment on Defense Mechanisms and Functionality in Patients With Depression

7 oktober 2026 uppdaterad av: Kardelen Erdoğan, Namik Kemal University

The Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Treatment on Defense Mechanisms and Functionality in Patients With Depression

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate changes in psychological defense mechanisms in patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) therapy. The study investigates whether rTMS induces a shift from immature to more mature defense mechanisms and assesses how these changes relate to improvements in depressive symptom severity, anxiety levels, and overall functionality at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Major depressiv sjukdom (MDD)

Detaljerad beskrivning

Major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly impacts mood, cognitive function, and psychological defense structures. While repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an established non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for depression, its influence on psychodynamic constructs such as defense mechanisms remains insufficiently explored.

This single-center prospective study will enroll 50 adult participants (aged 18-65) diagnosed with non-psychotic MDD according to DSM-5 criteria (confirmed via SCID-5). Participants will receive rTMS treatment as part of their standard clinical care. Clinical assessments will be conducted by a blinded researcher at three time points: baseline (pre-treatment), 1 month, and 3 months post-baseline.

Primary outcomes will measure shifts in defense mechanism styles (mature, neurotic, immature) using the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Secondary outcomes will assess depressive symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAM-D), anxiety levels (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - HAM-A), clinical severity and improvement (Clinical Global Impression Scale - CGI), and functional impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - WHODAS 2.0).

Studietyp

Observationell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Namn: Kardelen Erdoğan, MD
Telefonnummer: +90 543 691 87 52
E-post: kardelenerdogan@nku.edu.tr

Studieorter

Turkiet (Türkiye)
- - Tekirdağ, Turkiet (Türkiye)
    - Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
    - Kontakt:
      
      kardeeln erdoğan, MD
      
      Telefonnummer: +90 543 691 87 52
      
      E-post: kardelenerdogan@nku.edu.tr

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

18 år till 65 år (Vuxen, Äldre vuxen)

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Allt

Testmetod

Icke-sannolikhetsprov

Studera befolkning

Adults aged 18-65 years with non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD) who are evaluated for suitability for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment at the Psychiatry Clinic/TMS Unit of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Hospital. The diagnosis of MDD will be confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). Approximately 50 participants who meet the eligibility criteria and provide written informed consent will be included.

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

Age between 18 and 65 years
Diagnosis of major depressive disorder without psychotic features according to DSM-5 criteria
Confirmation of diagnosis via SCID
Major depressive disorder as the primary reason for admission
Willingness to participate and signing the written informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of contraindications for TMS (e.g., metallic implants)
Known active psychotic symptoms
History of TMS treatment in the past 3 months
Presence of known organic brain syndrome, neurological, or major systemic medical conditions
Presence of known intellectual disability or significant cognitive impairment
Active substance or alcohol use disorder
Illiteracy

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

Observationsmodeller: COHORT
Tidsperspektiv: PROSPECTIVE

Antal grupper/kohorter

Kohorter och interventioner

Grupp / Kohort
TMS Treatment Group Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder receiving Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation therapy.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått	Åtgärdsbeskrivning	Tidsram
Change in Defense Mechanisms (Defense Style Questionnaire - DSQ) Tidsram: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Evaluates shifts in mature, neurotic, and immature psychological defense mechanism styles in patients with major depressive disorder following TMS treatment.	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått	Åtgärdsbeskrivning	Tidsram
Change in Anxiety Symptom Severity (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - HAM-A) Tidsram: Baseline, 1 month and 3 months	Assesses psychic and somatic anxiety symptom severity.	Baseline, 1 month and 3 months
Change in Depressive Symptom Severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAM-D) Tidsram: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Assesses the severity of depressive symptoms	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months
Change in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Tidsram: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Measures overall illness severity and clinical improvement.	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months
Change in Disability and Functionality (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 - WHODAS 2.0) Tidsram: Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months	Evaluates level of functional disability across six domains (understanding/communicating, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, participation).	Baseline, 1 month, and 3 months

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Namik Kemal University

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

1 oktober 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 april 2027

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 juli 2027

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

27 september 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna