The reliability and validity of the Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale in the general population of Hong Kong

Yuying Sun, Tzu Tsun Luk, Man Ping Wang, Chen Shen, Sai Yin Ho, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, Sophia Siu Chee Chan, Tai Hing Lam, Yuying Sun, Tzu Tsun Luk, Man Ping Wang, Chen Shen, Sai Yin Ho, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, Sophia Siu Chee Chan, Tai Hing Lam

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the 7-item Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) in Hong Kong Chinese.

Methods: Under "A Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society" project, a random telephone survey was conducted in 2017 on 1331 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged ≥ 18. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the factorial validity. The Spearman correlations of the SWEMWBS with other scales including the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12), family well-being, self-rated health, the global happiness item (GHI), subjective happiness scale (SHS), and patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), were used to evaluate the convergent and divergent validity. Known-group validity was also assessed. We calculated congeneric reliability based on standardized factor loadings and error variances. Two-week test-retest reliability was assessed in 100 randomly selected respondents using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: Among the weighted sample, 55.9% were female and 72.9% were 25 to 64 years old. The CFA indicated good validity of the SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS had moderate correlations with SHS, SF-12 mental component, PHQ-4 and GHI, but a weak correlation with SF-12 physical component. Older respondents, those with higher education level, married, working, with higher household income reported higher level of well-being. The congeneric reliability of the SWEMWBS was 0.85. Moderate to good test-retest reliability was observed (ICC 0.70, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.80).

Conclusion: The Chinese SWEMWBS showed good validity and reliability for measuring well-being in the general population of Hong Kong.

Keywords: Mental health; Reliability; Validity; Well-being.

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