Zoledronic acid for prevention of bone loss in patients receiving primary therapy for lymphomas: a prospective, randomized controlled phase III trial

Abstract

In patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma, low bone mineral density (BMD) is common at diagnosis and worsens with therapy. Our randomized phase III trial demonstrates that 2 doses of zoledronic acid (ZA) and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D effectively prevent further bone loss.

Background: Patients with lymphoma are at risk of development of bone mineral density (BMD) loss from therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and alkylating agents. Zoledronic acid (ZA), a bisphosphonate, may prevent this complication of therapy. We evaluated the effect of ZA on the change in BMD and surrogate biomarkers in patients with lymphoma receiving initial chemotherapy.

Patients and methods: Our phase III trial randomized 74 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma and a baseline BMD of ≥ -2.0 to receive oral calcium and vitamin D daily with or without ZA at enrollment and at 6 months after enrollment. BMD was evaluated at baseline and 1 year after enrollment. Secondary biomarker endpoints were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after enrollment.

Results: Forty-three percent of patients had baseline osteopenia. Fifty-three patients were evaluable for response: 24 received ZA and had stable BMD during the observation period, whereas 29 patients in the control group had decreased BMD (P < .05 at lumbar spine and bilateral femoral neck). Twenty-one randomized patients were not evaluable for response because of lymphoma progression or death, withdrawn consent/incomplete testing, or ineligibility. Bone biomarkers were higher in the control group at all intervals after treatment (P < .001). No fractures or intervention-related toxicities were observed during this trial.

Conclusions: Newly diagnosed patients with lymphoma are at risk of low BMD, which may worsen with therapy. Treatment with ZA effectively stabilizes BMD and prevents bone loss. Our data suggest that BMD testing and prophylaxis should be considered as an early intervention for a preventable problem.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00352846.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure

The authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest.

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures

Figure 1

CONSORT Diagram Detailing Patients Screened, Randomized, and Evaluable for the Trial Abbreviation: ZA = zoledronic acid.

Figure 2

Waterfall Plot of Change in the T-Score of Each Patient at Each Location Assessed. (A) Lumbar Spine, L1–L4; (B) Left Femoral Neck; (C), Left Hip; (D) Right Femoral Neck; (E) Right Hip