Ficus deltoidea: A Potential Alternative Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus

Zainah Adam, Shafii Khamis, Amin Ismail, Muhajir Hamid, Zainah Adam, Shafii Khamis, Amin Ismail, Muhajir Hamid

Abstract

Ficus deltoidea from the Moraceae family has been scientifically proven to reduce hyperglycemia at different prandial states. In this study, we evaluate the mechanisms that underlie antihyperglycemic action of Ficus deltoidea. The results had shown that hot aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea stimulated insulin secretion significantly with the highest magnitude of stimulation was 7.31-fold (P < 0.001). The insulin secretory actions of the hot aqueous extract involved K(+) (ATP) channel-dependent and K(+) (ATP)-channel-independent pathway. The extract also has the ability to induce the usage of intracellular Ca(2+) to trigger insulin release. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts enhanced basal and insulin-mediated glucose uptake into adipocytes cells. The extracts possess either insulin-mimetic or insulin-sensitizing property or combination of both properties during enhancing glucose uptake into such cells. Meanwhile, the hot aqueous and methanolic extracts augmented basal and insulin-stimulated adiponectin secretion from adipocytes cells. From this study, it is suggested that Ficus deltoidea has the potential to be developed as future oral antidiabetic agent.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of F. deltoidea extracts and glibenclamide on insulin secretion activity from BRIN BD11 cells. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4 to 8). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.01 compared with control.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The influence of insulin secretion modulators on the effect of 1000 μg/mL hot aqueous extract on insulin secretion from BRIN BD11 cells. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). ***P < 0.001 compared with incubation without hot aqueous extract in the respective treatment group. •••P < 0.001 compared with control treated with hot aqueous extract. ΨP < 0.05; ΨΨP < 0.01 compared with untreated control.

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