Update on Surgical Management of Pediatric Urolithiasis

Sajid Sultan, Sadaf Aba Umer, Bashir Ahmed, Syed Ali Anwar Naqvi, Syed Adibul Hasan Rizvi, Sajid Sultan, Sadaf Aba Umer, Bashir Ahmed, Syed Ali Anwar Naqvi, Syed Adibul Hasan Rizvi

Abstract

Urolithiasis has always been a fascinating disease, even more so in children. There are many intriguing facets to this pathology. This article is a nonsystematic review to provide an update on the surgical management of pediatric urolithiasis. It highlights the pros and cons of various minimally invasive surgical options such as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), laparoscopy, and robotics. This article also describes the various intracorporeal disintegration technologies available to fragment the stone, including the newer advancements in laser technology. It also emphasizes the cost considerations especially with reference to the emerging economies. Thus, this manuscript guides how to select the least-invasive option for an individual patient, considering age and gender; stone size, location, and composition; and facilities and expertise available.

Keywords: endoscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy; extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; minimally invasive surgery; pediatric urolithiasis; percutaneous nephrolithotomy; retrograde intrarenal surgery; robotics; urolithiasis.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Minimally invasive surgery for renal stone management algorithm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Minimally invasive surgery for ureteric and vesical stone management algorithm.

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Source: PubMed

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