Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: effectiveness on a population basis

Abstract

Background: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for evidence-based, easily disseminable interventions for weight management that can be delivered on a population basis. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) offers a promising theoretical framework for multiple behavior weight management interventions.

Methods: Overweight or obese adults (BMI 25-39.9; n=1277) were randomized to no-treatment control or home-based, stage-matched multiple behavior interventions for up to three behaviors related to weight management at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. All participants were re-assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months.

Results: Significant treatment effects were found for healthy eating (47.5% versus 34.3%), exercise (44.90% versus 38.10%), managing emotional distress (49.7% versus 30.30%), and untreated fruit and vegetable intake (48.5% versus 39.0%) progressing to Action/Maintenance at 24 months. The groups differed on weight lost at 24 months. Co-variation of behavior change occurred and was much more pronounced in the treatment group, where individuals progressing to Action/Maintenance for a single behavior were 2.5-5 times more likely to make progress on another behavior. The impact of the multiple behavior intervention was more than three times that of single behavior interventions.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates the ability of TTM-based tailored feedback to improve healthy eating, exercise, managing emotional distress, and weight on a population basis. The treatment produced a high level of population impact that future multiple behavior interventions can seek to surpass.

Figures

Figure 1

Recruitment Information

Figure 2

Retention Rates for Each Time Point

Figure 3

Healthy Eating Treatment Success by Group (Multiple Imputation) Pre-action at Baseline Sample red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group

Figure 4

Fruit & Vegetable Treatment Success by Group (Multiple Imputation) Pre-action at Baseline Sample red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group

Figure 5

Exercise Treatment Success by Group (Multiple Imputation) Pre-action at Baseline Sample red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group

Figure 6

Emotional Distress Treatment Success by Group (Multiple Imputation) Pre-action at Baseline Sample red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group

Figure 7

Weight Loss (kg) by Group – Healthy Eating & Exercise Pre-Action at Baseline Sample (Multiple Imputation) red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group

Figure 8

Percent Losing 5% or More of Baseline Body Weight by Group – Healthy Eating & Exercise Pre-Action at Baseline Sample (Multiple Imputation) red = Treatment Group blue = Control Group