"Sticky Bone" Preparation Device: A Pilot Study on the Release of Cytokines and Growth Factors

Ezio Gheno, Gutemberg Gomes Alves, Roberto Ghiretti, Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado, Antonio Signore, Emanuelle Stellet Lourenço, Paulo Emílio Correa Leite, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Dong-Seok Sohn, Mônica Diuana Calasans-Maia, Ezio Gheno, Gutemberg Gomes Alves, Roberto Ghiretti, Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado, Antonio Signore, Emanuelle Stellet Lourenço, Paulo Emílio Correa Leite, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Dong-Seok Sohn, Mônica Diuana Calasans-Maia

Abstract

Sticky bone, a growth factor-enriched bone graft matrix, is a promising autologous material for bone tissue regeneration. However, its production is strongly dependent on manual handling steps. In this sense, a new device was developed to simplify the confection of the sticky bone, named Sticky Bone Preparation Device (SBPD®). The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the suitability of the SBPD® to prepare biomaterials for bone regeneration with autologous platelet concentrates. The SBPD® allows the blending of particulate samples from synthetic, xenograft, or autogenous bone with autologous platelet concentrates, making it easy to use and avoiding the need of further manipulations for the combination of the materials. The protocol for the preparation of sticky bone samples using the SBPD® is described, and the resulting product is compared with hand-mixed SB preparations regarding in vitro parameters such as cell content and the ability to release growth factors and cytokines relevant to tissue regeneration. The entrapped cell content was estimated, and the ability to release biological mediators was assessed after 7 days of incubation in culture medium. Both preparations increased the leukocyte and platelet concentrations compared to whole-blood samples (p < 0.05), without significant differences between SB and SBPD®. SBPD® samples released several growth factors, including VEGF, FGFb, and PDGF, at concentrations physiologically equivalent to those released by SB preparations. Therefore, the use of SBPD® results in a similar product to the standard protocol, but with more straightforward and shorter preparation times and less manipulation. These preliminary results suggest this device as a suitable alternative for combining bone substitute materials with platelet concentrates for bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords: PRF; PRP; bone graft; bone regeneration; growth factors; sticky bone.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors Ezio Gheno and Roberto Guiretti are involved in the patent of SBPD, but they had no influence on the analysis of the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Sticky Bone Preparation Device (SBPD®).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) The sequence of steps of sticky bone preparation with the SBPD. The process starts with the peripheral blood collection (Step 1), followed by the placement of the device (Step 2), the addition of particulate biomaterial (Step 3), and centrifugation according to the platelet aggregate protocol chosen (Step 4). It ends with the removal of the SBPD® with the complete sticky bone preparation (Step 5). (B) Detailed view of the insertion of the SBPD into the tube. (C) Detailed view of the sterile metallic funnel and the particulate bone substitute being inserted.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The particulate bone substitute mixed with the CGF (“sticky bone”) prepared with the SBPD® after centrifugation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cell content of the hand-mixed (SB) and SBPD® sticky bone preparations, as compared to whole-blood samples, represented by the mean ± SD of lymphocytes (A), red blood cells (B), and platelets (C). An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference from the whole-blood group (p < 0.05). Results indicate the mean ± SD of three biological replicates with three technical replicates.

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