Recombinant vaccines for COVID-19

Tushar Yadav, Nishant Srivastava, Gourav Mishra, Kuldeep Dhama, Swatantra Kumar, Bipin Puri, Shailendra K Saxena, Tushar Yadav, Nishant Srivastava, Gourav Mishra, Kuldeep Dhama, Swatantra Kumar, Bipin Puri, Shailendra K Saxena

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has imposed a major public health threat, which needs effective therapeutics and vaccination strategies. Several potential candidate vaccines being rapidly developed are in clinical evaluation. Considering the crucial role of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein in virus attachment, entry, and induction of neutralizing antibodies, S protein is being widely used as a target for vaccine development. Based on advances in techniques for vaccine design, inactivated, live-vectored, nucleic acid, and recombinant COVID-19 vaccines are being developed and tested for their efficacy. Phase3 clinical trials are underway or will soon begin for several of these vaccines. Assuming that clinical efficacy is shown for one or more vaccines, safety is a major aspect to be considered before deploying such vaccines to the public. The current review focuses on the recent advances in recombinant COVID-19 vaccine research and development and associated issues.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; efficacy and safety; recombinant vaccine; vaccine.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest. The research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Various strategies for recombinant vaccine development. (a) DNA-based vaccine developed by cloning SARS-CoV-2 S-protein; (b) Development of vaccine using DNA plasmid containing SARS-CoV-2 S gene; (c) Vaccine development by S protein mRNA; (d) Use of recombinant S-protein mimicking SARS-Cov-2 S protein as a vaccine; (e) Use of vector without self-replicating machinery containing SARS-CoV-2 S protein gene as vaccine; (f) Virus-Like Particle equivalent to SARS-CoV-2 without genetic material as a vaccine. Most of the vaccines target S protein that is expected to sensitize the host cellular and humoral immune response leading to immunization

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Source: PubMed

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