Worldwide Survey of the "Assessing Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening and Breathing Trials, Choice of Drugs, Delirium Monitoring/Management, Early Exercise/Mobility, and Family Empowerment" (ABCDEF) Bundle
Alessandro Morandi, Simone Piva, E Wesley Ely, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Jorge I F Salluh, Dawit Amare, Elie Azoulay, Giuseppe Bellelli, Akos Csomos, Eddy Fan, Nazzareno Fagoni, Timothy D Girard, Gabriel Heras La Calle, Shigeaki Inoue, Chae-Man Lim, Rafael Kaps, Katarzyna Kotfis, Younsuck Koh, David Misango, Pratik P Pandharipande, Chairat Permpikul, Cheng Cheng Tan, Dong-Xin Wang, Tarek Sharshar, Yahya Shehabi, Yoanna Skrobik, Jeffrey M Singh, Arjen Slooter, Martin Smith, Ryosuke Tsuruta, Nicola Latronico, Alessandro Morandi, Simone Piva, E Wesley Ely, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Jorge I F Salluh, Dawit Amare, Elie Azoulay, Giuseppe Bellelli, Akos Csomos, Eddy Fan, Nazzareno Fagoni, Timothy D Girard, Gabriel Heras La Calle, Shigeaki Inoue, Chae-Man Lim, Rafael Kaps, Katarzyna Kotfis, Younsuck Koh, David Misango, Pratik P Pandharipande, Chairat Permpikul, Cheng Cheng Tan, Dong-Xin Wang, Tarek Sharshar, Yahya Shehabi, Yoanna Skrobik, Jeffrey M Singh, Arjen Slooter, Martin Smith, Ryosuke Tsuruta, Nicola Latronico
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and use of the Assessment, prevention, and management of pain; spontaneous awakening and breathing trials; Choice of analgesia and sedation; Delirium assessment; Early mobility and exercise; and Family engagement and empowerment (ABCDEF) bundle to implement the Pain, Agitation, Delirium guidelines.
Design: Worldwide online survey.
Setting: Intensive care.
Intervention: A cross-sectional online survey using the Delphi method was administered to intensivists worldwide, to assess the knowledge and use of all aspects of the ABCDEF bundle.
Measurement and main results: There were 1,521 respondents from 47 countries, 57% had implemented the ABCDEF bundle, with varying degrees of compliance across continents. Most of the respondents (83%) used a scale to evaluate pain. Spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials are performed in 66% and 67% of the responder ICUs, respectively. Sedation scale was used in 89% of ICUs. Delirium monitoring was implemented in 70% of ICUs, but only 42% used a validated delirium tool. Likewise, early mobilization was "prescribed" by most, but 69% had no mobility team and 79% used no formal mobility scale. Only 36% of the respondents assessed ICU-acquired weakness. Family members were actively involved in 67% of ICUs; however, only 33% used dedicated staff to support families and only 35% reported that their unit was open 24 hr/d for family visits.
Conclusions: The current implementation of the ABCDEF bundle varies across individual components and regions. We identified specific targets for quality improvement and adoption of the ABCDEF bundle. Our data reflect a significant but incomplete shift toward patient- and family-centered ICU care in accordance with the Pain, Agitation, Delirium guidelines.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of interests:
Dr. Pandharipande has a research grant from Hospira Inc.
Dr. Ely has received research grants and/or honoraria from Hospira, Orion, Pfizer and Abbott.
Dr. Shehabi reported related unrestricted research and educational grants from Pfizer and Orion Pharma and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Speaker’s honorarium and travel expenses reimbursed to employing institution.
Dr. A.J.C. Slooter works on the development of an EEG-based delirium monitor, any (future) profits of this technology will be used for future scientific research only.
Source: PubMed