Single-dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR Protects Against Human Experimental Infection With Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor
Wilbur H Chen, Mitchell B Cohen, Beth D Kirkpatrick, Rebecca C Brady, David Galloway, Marc Gurwith, Robert H Hall, Robert A Kessler, Michael Lock, Douglas Haney, Caroline E Lyon, Marcela F Pasetti, Jakub K Simon, Flora Szabo, Sharon Tennant, Myron M Levine, Wilbur H Chen, Mitchell B Cohen, Beth D Kirkpatrick, Rebecca C Brady, David Galloway, Marc Gurwith, Robert H Hall, Robert A Kessler, Michael Lock, Douglas Haney, Caroline E Lyon, Marcela F Pasetti, Jakub K Simon, Flora Szabo, Sharon Tennant, Myron M Levine
Abstract
Background: No licensed cholera vaccine is presently available in the United States. Cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced doses. A single-dose cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render 2-dose immunization regimens impractical would be a major advance.PXVX0200, based on live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 classical Inaba vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, elicits seroconversion of vibriocidal antibodies (a correlate of protection) within 10 days of a single oral dose. We investigated the protection conferred by this vaccine in a human cholera challenge model.
Methods: Consenting healthy adult volunteers, 18-45 years old, were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive 1 oral dose of vaccine (approximately 5 × 10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo in double-blind fashion. Volunteers ingested approximately 1 × 10(5) CFU of wild-type V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961 10 days or 3 months after vaccination and were observed on an inpatient research ward for stool output measurement and management of hydration.
Results: The vaccine was well tolerated, with no difference in adverse event frequency among 95 vaccinees vs 102 placebo recipients. The primary endpoint, moderate (≥3.0 L) to severe (≥5.0 L) diarrheal purge, occurred in 39 of 66 (59.1%) placebo controls but only 2 of 35 (5.7%) vaccinees at 10 days (vaccine efficacy, 90.3%; P < .0001) and 4 of 33 (12.1%) vaccinees at 3 months (vaccine efficacy, 79.5%; P < .0001).
Conclusions: The significant vaccine efficacy documented 10 days and 3 months after 1 oral dose of PXVX0200 supports further development as a single-dose cholera vaccine.
Clinical trials registration: NCT01895855.
Keywords: challenge; cholera; efficacy; vaccine; volunteer.
© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Source: PubMed