Self-Care for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association

Barbara Riegel, Debra K Moser, Harleah G Buck, Victoria Vaughan Dickson, Sandra B Dunbar, Christopher S Lee, Terry A Lennie, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Judith E Mitchell, Diane J Treat-Jacobson, David E Webber, American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research, Barbara Riegel, Debra K Moser, Harleah G Buck, Victoria Vaughan Dickson, Sandra B Dunbar, Christopher S Lee, Terry A Lennie, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Judith E Mitchell, Diane J Treat-Jacobson, David E Webber, American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research

Abstract

Self-care is defined as a naturalistic decision-making process addressing both the prevention and management of chronic illness, with core elements of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. In this scientific statement, we describe the importance of self-care in the American Heart Association mission and vision of building healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The evidence supporting specific self-care behaviors such as diet and exercise, barriers to self-care, and the effectiveness of self-care in improving outcomes is reviewed, as is the evidence supporting various individual, family-based, and community-based approaches to improving self-care. Although there are many nuances to the relationships between self-care and outcomes, there is strong evidence that self-care is effective in achieving the goals of the treatment plan and cannot be ignored. As such, greater emphasis should be placed on self-care in evidence-based guidelines.

Keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; cardiovascular disease; prevention; self‐care; stroke.

© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Self‐care is often thought of as solely an individual‐level behavior, but, in reality, self‐care occurs at the individual, family, and community level.

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