Pacemaker detected active minutes are superior to pedometer-based step counts in measuring the response to physical activity counseling in sedentary older adults

Venkata K Puppala, Benjamin C Hofeld, Amberly Anger, Sudhi Tyagi, Scott J Strath, Judith Fox, Marcie G Berger, Kwang Woo Ahn, Michael E Widlansky, Venkata K Puppala, Benjamin C Hofeld, Amberly Anger, Sudhi Tyagi, Scott J Strath, Judith Fox, Marcie G Berger, Kwang Woo Ahn, Michael E Widlansky

Abstract

Background: In patients with permanent pacemakers (PPM), physical activity (PA) can be monitored using embedded accelerometers to measure pacemaker detected active hours (PDAH), a strong predictor of mortality. We examined the impact of a PA Counseling (PAC) intervention on increasing activity as measured by PDAH and daily step counts.

Methods: Thirteen patients (average age 80 ± 6 years, 84.6% women) with implanted Medtronic PPMs with a ≤ 2 PDAH daily average were included in this study. Patients were randomized to Usual Care (UC, N = 6) or a Physical Activity Counseling Intervention (PACI, N = 7) groups. Step count and PDAH data were obtained at baseline, following a 12-week intervention, then 12 weeks after intervention completion. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson's r, chi-square, and general linear models for repeated measures.

Results: PDAH significantly differed by time point for all subject combined (P = 0.01) but not by study group. Subjects with baseline gait speeds of > 0.8 m/sec were responsible for the increases in PDAH observed. Step counts did not differ over time in the entire cohort or by study group. Step count and PDAH significantly correlated at baseline (r = 0.60, P = 0.03). This correlation disappeared by week 12.

Conclusion(s): PDAH can be used to monitor PA and PA interventions and may be superior to hip-worn pedometers in detecting activity. A significant increase in PA, regardless of treatment group, suggests that patient awareness of the ability to monitor PA through a PPM increases PA in these patients, particularly in patients with gait speeds of < 0.8 m/sec.

Trial registration: ClincalTrials.gov NCT03052829. Date of Registration: 2/14/2017.

Keywords: Accelerometer; Cardiology; Geriatrics; Pacemaker; Physical activity.

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Recruitment and Study Participation Flow Chart
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PDAH and Step Count Results for each study period. a PDAH results showed an overall increase in PDAH comparing the 12-week intervention period to baseline that did not significantly differ between the PACI and UC arms. b Step Count results showed no differences in measured step counts over the time course of the study and no differences in step counts between the PACI and UC groups. See Table 2 and the results section for additional details. PDAH- Pacemaker-Derived Active Hours. PACI- Physical Activity Counseling Intervention. UC- Usual Care. Data presented as mean (SEM)

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