Relationship between age, BMI, head posture and superficial neck muscle stiffness and elasticity in adult women

Piotr Kocur, Maciej Tomczak, Marzena Wiernicka, Magdalena Goliwąs, Jacek Lewandowski, Dawid Łochyński, Piotr Kocur, Maciej Tomczak, Marzena Wiernicka, Magdalena Goliwąs, Jacek Lewandowski, Dawid Łochyński

Abstract

This study determined relationships between age, BMI and cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) (independent variables) and stiffness and elasticity of sternocleidomasteoid [SCM] and upper trapezius [UT] (dependent variables) muscles in sitting posture in 95 women across adult life. Moreover, a stepwise regression was performed to determine to what extent the dependent variables are explained by age, BMI and CVA. Age was moderately correlated with BMI (r = 0.41), and both age and BMI were moderately negatively correlated with CVA (r = -0.54 and -0.55, respectively). High (r = 0.73) and moderate (r = 0.53) linear relationships were present between age and logarithmic decrement (inversely related to elasticity) and stiffness of SCM muscle, respectively. Low (r = 0.36) and moderate (r = 0.47) relationships were present between age and logarithmic decrement and stiffness of UT muscle, respectively. Age accounted for 53% variance in elasticity and 28.5% variance in stiffness of SCM, and for 13% variance in elasticity and 22% variance in stiffness of UT muscle. Introduction of BMI but not CVA to the model explained the variance of these parameters by additional 0-8%. Among the studied factors age is the major correlate of stiffness and elasticity of neck muscles across the adult life.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MyotonPro measurement point on the UT muscle.
Figure 2
Figure 2
MyotonPro measurement point on the SCM muscle.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Example of raw acceleration signal from the upper trapezius muscle of one participant obtained with MyotonPro.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Elasticity (log. decr.) of UT (A) and SCM (B) muscles.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Stiffness of UT (A) and SCM (B) muscles.

References

    1. Rantanen T, et al. Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55(3):M168–73. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.3.M168.
    1. Uitto J. Connective tissue biochemistry of the aging dermis. Age-related alterations in collagen and elastin. Dermatol Clin. 1986;4:433–46. doi: 10.1016/S0733-8635(18)30806-4.
    1. Odetti PR, Borgoglio A, Rolandi R. Age related increase of collagen fluorescence in human subcutaneous tissue. Metabolism. 1992;41:655–8. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90059-J.
    1. Rodrigues AJ, Jr., Rodrigues CJ, Cunha AC, Jin Y. Quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fibers in the transversalis fascia in direct and in direct inguinal hernia. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2002;57:265–70. doi: 10.1590/S0041-87812002000600004.
    1. Kragstrup TW, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Structural, biochemical, cellular and functional changes in skeletal muscle extracellular matrixwith aging. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:749–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01377.x.
    1. Trappe T. Influence of aging and long-term unloading on the structure and function of human skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34:459–464. doi: 10.1139/H09-041.
    1. Haus JM, Carrithers JA, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Collagen, cross-linking, and advanced glycation end products in aging human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;103:2068–76. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2007.
    1. Barros EM, et al. Aging of the elastic and collagen fibers in the human cervical interspinous ligaments. Spine J. 2002;2:57–62. doi: 10.1016/S1529-9430(01)00167-X.
    1. Piasecki M, Ireland A, Jones DA, McPhee JS. Age-dependent motor unit remodelling in human limb muscles. Biogerontology. 2016;17:485–96. doi: 10.1007/s10522-015-9627-3.
    1. Narici MV, Maffulli N. Sarcopenia: characteristics, mechanisms and functional significance. Br Med Bull. 2010;95:139–159. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldq008.
    1. Meznaric M, Eržen I, Karen P, Cvetko E. Effect of ageing on the myosin heavy chain composition of the human sternocleidomastoidmuscle. Ann Anat. 2017;28(216):95–32.
    1. Cua AB, Wilhelm KP, Maibach HI. Elastic properties of human skin: relation to age, sex, and anatomical region. Arch Dermatol Res. 1990;282:283–8. doi: 10.1007/BF00375720.
    1. Rodrigues CJ, Rodrigues AJ., Jr. A comparative study of aging of the elastic fiber system of the diaphragmand the rectus abdominis muscles in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000;33:1449–54. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2000001200008.
    1. Alnaqeeb MA, Al Zaid NS, Goldspink G. Connective tissue changes and physical properties of developing and ageing skeletal muscle. J Anat. 1984;139:677–689.
    1. Simons DG, Mense S. Understanding and measurement of muscle tone as related to clinical muscle pain. Pain. 1998;7:1–17. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00102-4.
    1. Baumgart E. Stiffness - an unknown world of mechanical science. Injury. 2000;31(Suppl):S-B14–23.
    1. Gavronski G, et al. Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes. Physiol Measur. 2007;28:625–637. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/6/002.
    1. Eby SF, et al. Shear wave elastography of passive skeletal muscle stiffness: influences of sex and age throughout adulthood. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2015;30:22–7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.11.011.
    1. Domire ZJ, McCullough MB, Chen Q, An KN. Feasibility of using magnetic resonance elastography to study the effect of aging on shear modulus of skeletal muscle. J Appl Biomech. 2009;25:93–7. doi: 10.1123/jab.25.1.93.
    1. Kocur P, et al. Effects of aging on mechanical properties of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles during transition from lying to sitting position-A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;70:14–18. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.12.005.
    1. Dietsch AM, Clark HM, Steiner JN, Solomon NP. Effects of Age, Sex, and Body Position on Orofacial Muscle Tone in Healthy Adults. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58:1145–50. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0325.
    1. Narici MV, Maffulli N, Maganaris CN. Ageing of human muscles and tendons. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30:1548–54. doi: 10.1080/09638280701831058.
    1. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89:81–8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81.
    1. Manini TM, Clark BC. Dynapenia and aging: an update. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67:28–40. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glr010.
    1. Musculoskeletal Changes with Age: Clinical Implications Carole B. Lewis, PT, GCS, MSG, MPA, PhD Shari Kellems, ATC inLewis red. Aging The Health-Care Challenge, 4th Edition Philadeplhia Davies Company. 14–124 (2002).
    1. Park MS, et al. Age-Related Changes in Cervical Sagittal Range of Motion and Alignment. Global. Spine J. 2014;4:151–156.
    1. Yukawa Y, et al. Age-related changes in osseous anatomy, alignment, and range of motion of the cervical spine. Part I: Radiographic data from over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(8):1492–8. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2167-5.
    1. Raine S, Twomey LT. Head and shoulder posture variations in 160 asymptomatic women and men. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1997;78:1215–1223. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90335-X.
    1. Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;904:437–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x.
    1. Jackson AS, Janssen I, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN. Longitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(7):1085–91. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003886.
    1. Lindle RS, et al. Age and gender comparisons of muscle strength in 654 women and men aged 20–93 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997;83:1581–7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1581.
    1. Gallagher D, et al. How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:228–239. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008733.
    1. Taylor-Piliae RE, et al. Validation of a new brief physical activity survey among men and women aged 60–69 years. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:598–606. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj248.
    1. Misterska E, Jankowski R, Glowacki M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Neck Disability Index and Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale for patients with neck pain due to degenerative and discopathic disorders. Psychometric properties of the Polish versions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;29:12–84.
    1. Shaghayegh F, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J. Evaluation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. Eur Spine J. 2016;25:3577–3582. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-4254-x.
    1. Myoton, P. R. O. (2018).
    1. Agyapong-Badua S, Warnera M, Dinesh S, Stokes M. Measurement of ageing effects on muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps brachii in healthy males and females using a novel hand-held myometric device. Arch Geront Geriatr. 2016;62:59–67. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.011.
    1. Uthaikhup S, Jull G. Performance in the cranio-cervical flexion test is altered in elderly subjects. Man Ther. 2009;14:475–9. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2008.12.003.
    1. Oatis, C. Kinesiology. The mechanics and pathomechanics of human movement. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 480–492 (2004).
    1. Valenzuela S, et al. Does Head Posture Have a Significant Effect on the Hyoid Bone Position and Sternocleidomastoid Electromyographic Activity in Young Adults? Cranio. 2005;23:204–11. doi: 10.1179/crn.2005.029.
    1. Mayers, T. The Word according the fascia. In Anatomy trains. Myofascial for manual and movement therapis. 2 nd edition Curchil Livingston Elsevier. 9–51 (2009).
    1. Purslow PP. The structure and functional significance of variations inthe connective tissue within muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002;133:947–66. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00141-1.
    1. Gosselin LE, Adams C, Cotter TA, McCormick RJ, Thomas DP. Effect of exercise training on passive stiffness in locomotor skeletal muscle: role of extracellular matrix. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998;85:1011–6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.1011.
    1. Rodriguez H, et al. Histological Description of the Interaction Between Muscle Fibers and Connective Tissue of the Fascia of the Human Trapezius Muscle. Int. J. Morphol. 2011;29:299–303. doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022011000100049.
    1. Kadi F, Thornell LE. Training affects myosin heavy chain phenotype in the trapezius muscle of women - Histochemistry and cell biology. Histochemistry. 1999;112:73. doi: 10.1007/s004180050393.
    1. Cvetko E, Karen P, Eržen I. Myosin heavy chain composition of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle. Ann Anat. 2012;194:467–72. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.05.001.
    1. Mutungi G, Ranatunga KW. The viscous, viscoelastic and elastic characteristics of resting fast and slow mammalian (rat) muscle fibers. J Physiol. 1996;496:827–836. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021730.
    1. Di Angelantonio E, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388:776–86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1.
    1. Jian DW, Wang TG, Wang YC. Neck Muscle Stiffness Quantified by Sonoelastography is Correlated with Body Mass Index and Chronic Neck Pain Symptoms. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013;39:1356–61. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.11.015.
    1. Cook Z, Kirk S, Lawrenson S, Sandford S. Use of BMI in the assessment of undernutrition in older subjects: reflecting on practice. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64:313–7. doi: 10.1079/PNS2005437.
    1. Moghadam RE, Rahnama L, Karimi N, Amiri M, Rahnama M. An ultrasonographic investigation of deep neck flexor muscles cross-sectional area in forward and normal head posture. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;22:643–647. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.11.002.
    1. Goodarzi F, Rahnama L, Karimi N, Baghi R, Jaberzadeh S. The Effects of Forward Head Posture on Neck Extensor Muscle Thickness: An Ultrasonographic Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2018;41:34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.07.012.
    1. Wagner KH, Cameron-Smith D, Wessner B, Franzke B. Biomarkers of Aging: From Function to Molecular Biology. Nutrients. 2016;2:8.
    1. Francis P, et al. Measurement of muscle health in aging. Biogerontology. 2017;18:901–911. doi: 10.1007/s10522-017-9697-5.
    1. Faulkner JA, Larkin LM, Claflin DR, Brooks SV. Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;34:1091–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x.
    1. Gajdosik RL. Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16:87–101. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(00)00061-9.
    1. Quek J, Pua YH, Clark RA, Bryant AL. Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in olderadults. Man Ther. 2013;18:65–71. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.07.005.
    1. Kang JH, et al. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36:98–104. doi: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.98.
    1. Khoury V, Cardinal E, Brassard P. Atrophy and fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle: sonography versus MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;19:1105–11. doi: 10.2214/AJR.07.2835.
    1. Pavan PG, Stecco A, Stern R, Stecco C. Painful connections: densification versus fibrosis of fascia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014;18(8):441. doi: 10.1007/s11916-014-0441-4.

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores e Colaboradores

Condições médicas

Intervenções de drogas

3
Se inscrever