Zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and e are associated with obesity, inflammation, lipid profile and insulin resistance in Mexican school-aged children

Olga Patricia García, Dolores Ronquillo, María del Carmen Caamaño, Guadalupe Martínez, Mariela Camacho, Viridiana López, Jorge L Rosado, Olga Patricia García, Dolores Ronquillo, María del Carmen Caamaño, Guadalupe Martínez, Mariela Camacho, Viridiana López, Jorge L Rosado

Abstract

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient status and obesity, lipids, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in children. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) were determined in 197 school-aged children. Lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and E were analyzed in blood. Vitamin C and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and body and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Vitamin A was positively associated with BMI, BMI-for-age, WHR and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Iron and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with insulin (p < 0.05). Vitamins A, C and E and iron were negatively associated with CRP (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese who also had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher CRP and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1), children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.1) and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight (p < 0.05). In conclusion, low vitamin C concentration and vitamin E:lipids were associated with obesity. Furthermore, low concentrations of zinc, vitamins A and E in children who were overweight and obese were associated with lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interaction between being overweight and obesity and micronutrients on C-reactive protein, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, glucose and insulin resistance in overweight/obese and normal weight children (n = 197). Continuous lines represent children with a BMI Z-score > 1 SD, and the dotted lines represent children with a BMI Z-score ≤ 1 SD.

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