High-Intensity Inspiratory Protocol Increases Heart Rate Variability in Myocardial Revascularization Patients

Flavia Cristina Rossi Caruso, Rodrigo Polaquini Simões, Michel Silva Reis, Solange Guizilini, Vera Lucia dos Santos Alves, Valeria Papa, Ross Arena, Audrey Borghi-Silva, Flavia Cristina Rossi Caruso, Rodrigo Polaquini Simões, Michel Silva Reis, Solange Guizilini, Vera Lucia dos Santos Alves, Valeria Papa, Ross Arena, Audrey Borghi-Silva

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate heart rate variability during an inspiratory muscle endurance protocol at three different load levels [30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure], in patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: Nineteen late postoperative myocardial revascularization patients participating in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program were studied. Maximal inspiratory pressure maneuvers were performed. An inspiratory muscle endurance protocol at 30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure was applied for four minutes each, in random order. Heart rate and RR intervals were recorded and heart rate variability was analyzed by time (RMSSD-the mean of the standard deviations for all R-R intervals, and RMSM-root-mean square differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domains indices (high and low frequency) in normalized units. ANOVA for repeated measurements was used to compare heart rate variability indices and Student t-test was used to compare the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure values.

Results: Heart rate increased during performance of maximal respiratory pressures maneuvers, and the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure mean values were significantly lower than predicted values (P <0.05). RMSSD increased significantly at 80% in relation to rest and 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure and RMSM decreased at 30% and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure in relation to rest (P <0.05). Additionally, there was significant and progressive decrease in low frequency and increase in high frequency at 30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure in relation to the resting condition.

Conclusion: These results suggest that respiratory muscle training at high intensities can promote greater parasympathetic activity and it may confer important benefits during a rehabilitation program in post-coronary artery bypass grafting.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Comparison of heart rate variability index at rest, 30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure during endurance protocol. Data expressed in mean and standard deviation. MIP=maximal inspiratory pressure; LFnu=low frequency in normalized units; HFun=high frequency in normalized units. *P<0.05 in relation to rest condition; †P<0.05 in relation to 30% of MIP.

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