Comparison of two bioelectrical impedance analysis instruments for determining body composition in adolescent girls

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare fat-free mass (FFM) and percent body fat determined by two bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) instruments against criterion estimates determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a multi-racial/ethnic sample of adolescent girls. BIA was assessed in 151 girls (n=51 African-American; n=45 Hispanic; n=55 Caucasian; age 12.2 +/- 1.2 yr) using the RJL Quantum II and the American Weights and Measures Body-Comp Scale (BCS). Percent body fat determined by BIA was significantly related to that determined by DXA (R(2)=0.87, SEE=2.8% for RJL vs DXA, P<0.0001; R(2)=0.71, SEE=4.4% for BCS vs DXA, P<0.0001). The agreement between DXA and BIA for FFM was also significant (R(2)=0.91, SEE=0.03 kg for RJL, P <0.0001; R(2)=0.79, SEE=0.04 kg for BCS, P <0.0001). The BCS overestimated FFM by 2.7 kg (P<0.0001) and underestimated percent body fat by over 4% (P<0.001). There were no differences in percent body fat between DXA and the RJL, and although the RJL significantly overestimated FFM, the absolute difference was <1 kg. Within each ethnic group, the RJL instrument more closely estimated FFM and percent body fat than did the BCS. Although both BIA instruments compared favorably with DXA, the RJL had better stability and accuracy than the BCS, for both the total sample and for the three ethnic groups. Considering its relatively low cost and minimal time required for technical training, BIA is a useful and appropriate technique for assessing body composition in adolescent girls.

Figures

Figure 1

Bland-Altman plot of limits of agreement in percent body fat between DXA and RJL. Parallel lines indicate the mean difference ± 2 SD.

Figure 2

Bland-Altman plot of limits of agreement in percent body fat between DXA and BCS. Parallel lines indicate the mean difference ± 2 SD.