Association of objectively measured physical activity with cardiovascular risk in mobility-limited older adults

Jodi D Fitzgerald, Lindsey Johnson, Don G Hire, Walter T Ambrosius, Stephen D Anton, John A Dodson, Anthony P Marsh, Mary M McDermott, Joe R Nocera, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Daniel K White, Veronica Yank, Marco Pahor, Todd M Manini, Thomas W Buford, LIFE Study Research Group, Marco Pahor, Jack M Guralnik, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Connie Caudle, Lauren Crump, Latonia Holmes, Jocelyn Lee, Ching-ju Lu, Michael E Miller, Mark A Espeland, Walter T Ambrosius, William Applegate, Daniel P Beavers, Robert P Byington, Delilah Cook, Curt D Furberg, Lea N Harvin, Leora Henkin, John Hepler, Fang-Chi Hsu, Laura Lovato, Wesley Roberson, Julia Rushing, Scott Rushing, Cynthia L Stowe, Michael P Walkup, Don Hire, W Jack Rejeski, Jeffrey A Katula, Peter H Brubaker, Shannon L Mihalko, Janine M Jennings, Evan C Hadley, Sergei Romashkan, Denise E Bonds, Kushang V Patel, Mary M McDermott, Bonnie Spring, Joshua Hauser, Diana Kerwin, Kathryn Domanchuk, Rex Graff, Alvito Rego, Timothy S Church, Steven N Blair, Valerie H Myers, Ron Monce, Nathan E Britt, Melissa Nauta Harris, Ami Parks McGucken, Ruben Rodarte, Heidi K Millet, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Ben P Butitta, Sheletta G Donatto, Shannon H Cocreham, Abby C King, Cynthia M Castro, William L Haskell, Randall S Stafford, Leslie A Pruitt, Kathy Berra, Veronica Yank, Roger A Fielding, Miriam E Nelson, Sara C Folta, Edward M Phillips, Christine K Liu, Erica C McDavitt, Kieran F Reid, Won S Kim, Vince E Beard, Todd M Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephen D Anton, Susan Nayfield, Thomas W Buford, Michael Marsiske, Bhanuprasad D Sandesara, Jeffrey D Knaggs, Megan S Lorow, William C Marena, Irina Korytov, Holly L Morris, Margo Fitch, Floris F Singletary, Jackie Causer, Katie A Radcliff, Anne B Newman, Stephanie A Studenski, Bret H Goodpaster, Nancy W Glynn, Oscar Lopez, Neelesh K Nadkarni, Kathy Williams, Mark A Newman, George Grove, Janet T Bonk, Jennifer Rush, Piera Kost, Diane G Ives, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Anthony P Marsh, Tina E Brinkley, Jamehl S Demons, Kaycee M Sink, Kimberly Kennedy, Rachel Shertzer-Skinner, Abbie Wrights, Deborah Barr, Thomas M Gill, Robert S Axtell, Susan S Kashaf, Nathalie de Rekeneire, Joanne M McGloin, Karen C Wu, Denise M Shepard, Barbara Fennelly, Lynne P Iannone, Raeleen Mautner, Theresa Sweeney Barnett, Sean N Halpin, Matthew J Brennan, Julie A Bugaj, Maria A Zenoni, Bridget M Mignosa, Jeff Williamson, Kaycee M Sink, Hugh C Hendrie, Stephen R Rapp, Joe Verghese, Nancy Woolard, Mark Espeland, Janine Jennings, Carl J Pepine, Mario Ariet, Eileen Handberg, Daniel Deluca, James Hill, Anita Szady, Geoffrey L Chupp, Gail M Flynn, Thomas M Gill, John L Hankinson, Carlos A Vaz Fragoso, Erik J Groessl, Robert M Kaplan, Jodi D Fitzgerald, Lindsey Johnson, Don G Hire, Walter T Ambrosius, Stephen D Anton, John A Dodson, Anthony P Marsh, Mary M McDermott, Joe R Nocera, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Daniel K White, Veronica Yank, Marco Pahor, Todd M Manini, Thomas W Buford, LIFE Study Research Group, Marco Pahor, Jack M Guralnik, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Connie Caudle, Lauren Crump, Latonia Holmes, Jocelyn Lee, Ching-ju Lu, Michael E Miller, Mark A Espeland, Walter T Ambrosius, William Applegate, Daniel P Beavers, Robert P Byington, Delilah Cook, Curt D Furberg, Lea N Harvin, Leora Henkin, John Hepler, Fang-Chi Hsu, Laura Lovato, Wesley Roberson, Julia Rushing, Scott Rushing, Cynthia L Stowe, Michael P Walkup, Don Hire, W Jack Rejeski, Jeffrey A Katula, Peter H Brubaker, Shannon L Mihalko, Janine M Jennings, Evan C Hadley, Sergei Romashkan, Denise E Bonds, Kushang V Patel, Mary M McDermott, Bonnie Spring, Joshua Hauser, Diana Kerwin, Kathryn Domanchuk, Rex Graff, Alvito Rego, Timothy S Church, Steven N Blair, Valerie H Myers, Ron Monce, Nathan E Britt, Melissa Nauta Harris, Ami Parks McGucken, Ruben Rodarte, Heidi K Millet, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Ben P Butitta, Sheletta G Donatto, Shannon H Cocreham, Abby C King, Cynthia M Castro, William L Haskell, Randall S Stafford, Leslie A Pruitt, Kathy Berra, Veronica Yank, Roger A Fielding, Miriam E Nelson, Sara C Folta, Edward M Phillips, Christine K Liu, Erica C McDavitt, Kieran F Reid, Won S Kim, Vince E Beard, Todd M Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephen D Anton, Susan Nayfield, Thomas W Buford, Michael Marsiske, Bhanuprasad D Sandesara, Jeffrey D Knaggs, Megan S Lorow, William C Marena, Irina Korytov, Holly L Morris, Margo Fitch, Floris F Singletary, Jackie Causer, Katie A Radcliff, Anne B Newman, Stephanie A Studenski, Bret H Goodpaster, Nancy W Glynn, Oscar Lopez, Neelesh K Nadkarni, Kathy Williams, Mark A Newman, George Grove, Janet T Bonk, Jennifer Rush, Piera Kost, Diane G Ives, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Anthony P Marsh, Tina E Brinkley, Jamehl S Demons, Kaycee M Sink, Kimberly Kennedy, Rachel Shertzer-Skinner, Abbie Wrights, Deborah Barr, Thomas M Gill, Robert S Axtell, Susan S Kashaf, Nathalie de Rekeneire, Joanne M McGloin, Karen C Wu, Denise M Shepard, Barbara Fennelly, Lynne P Iannone, Raeleen Mautner, Theresa Sweeney Barnett, Sean N Halpin, Matthew J Brennan, Julie A Bugaj, Maria A Zenoni, Bridget M Mignosa, Jeff Williamson, Kaycee M Sink, Hugh C Hendrie, Stephen R Rapp, Joe Verghese, Nancy Woolard, Mark Espeland, Janine Jennings, Carl J Pepine, Mario Ariet, Eileen Handberg, Daniel Deluca, James Hill, Anita Szady, Geoffrey L Chupp, Gail M Flynn, Thomas M Gill, John L Hankinson, Carlos A Vaz Fragoso, Erik J Groessl, Robert M Kaplan

Abstract

Background: Data are sparse regarding the impacts of habitual physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior on cardiovascular (CV) risk in older adults with mobility limitations.

Methods and results: This study examined the baseline, cross-sectional association between CV risk and objectively measured PA among participants in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study. The relationship between accelerometry measures and predicted 10-year Hard Coronary Heart Disease (HCHD) risk was modeled by using linear regression, stratified according to CVD history. Participants (n=1170, 79±5 years) spent 642±111 min/day in sedentary behavior (ie, <100 accelerometry counts/min). They also spent 138±43 min/day engaging in PA registering 100 to 499 accelerometry counts/min and 54±37 min/day engaging in PA ≥500 counts/min. Each minute per day spent being sedentary was associated with increased HCHD risk among both those with (0.04%, 95% CI 0.02% to 0.05%) and those without (0.03%, 95% CI 0.02% to 0.03%) CVD. The time spent engaging in activities 100 to 499 as well as ≥500 counts/min was associated with decreased risk among both those with and without CVD (P<0.05). The mean number of counts per minute of daily PA was not significantly associated with HCHD risk in any model (P>0.05). However, a significant interaction was observed between sex and count frequency (P=0.036) for those without CVD, as counts per minute was related to HCHD risk in women (β=-0.94, -1.48 to -0.41; P<0.001) but not in men (β=-0.14, -0.59 to 0.88; P=0.704).

Conclusions: Daily time spent being sedentary is positively associated with predicted 10-year HCHD risk among mobility-limited older adults. Duration, but not intensity (ie, mean counts/min), of daily PA is inversely associated with HCHD risk score in this population-although the association for intensity may be sex specific among persons without CVD.

Clinical trial registration url: www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT01072500.

Keywords: CVD; Framingham; accelerometry; aging; physical activity.

© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution frequency of baseline 10‐year Framingham Hard Coronary Heart Disease (HCHD) risk scores among 1170 sedentary older adults (70 to 89 years) at risk of mobility disability enrolled in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bivariate association between objectively measured indices of habitual activity and predicted Hard Coronary Heart Disease (HCHD) risk measured at baseline among 1170 older adults at risk of mobility disability. Frames indicate association of calculated HCHD risk score with minutes of daily activity measured by triaxial accelerometry registering (A) 0 to 100 accelerometry counts/min, (B) 100 to 499 counts/min, and (C) >500 counts/min.

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