Light Intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to body mass index and grip strength in older adults: cross-sectional findings from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study

David Bann, Don Hire, Todd Manini, Rachel Cooper, Anda Botoseneanu, Mary M McDermott, Marco Pahor, Nancy W Glynn, Roger Fielding, Abby C King, Timothy Church, Walter T Ambrosius, Thomas M Gill, LIFE Study Group, Marco Pahor, Jack M Guralnik, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Caudle Lauren Crump, Latonia Holmes, Jocelyn Lee, Michael E Miller, Mark A Espeland, Walter T Ambrosius, William Applegate, Daniel P Beavers, Robert P Byington, Delilah Cook, Curt D Furberg, Lea N Harvin, Leora Henkin, John Hepler, Fang-Chi Hsu, Laura Lovato, Wesley Roberson, Julia Rushing, Scott Rushing, Cynthia L Stowe, Michael P Walkup, Don Hire, W Jack Rejeski, Jeffrey A Katula, Peter H Brubaker, Shannon L Mihalko, Janine M Jennings, Evan C Hadley, Sergei Romashkan, Kushang V Patel, Denise Bonds, Mary M McDermott, Bonnie Spring, Joshua Hauser, Diana Kerwin, Kathryn Domanchuk, Rex Graff, Alvito Rego, Timothy S Church, Steven N Blair, Valerie H Myers, Ron Monce, Nathan E Britt, Melissa Nauta Harris, Ami Parks McGucken, Ruben Rodarte, Heidi K Millet, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Ben P Butitta, Sheletta G Donatto, Shannon H Cocreham, Abby C King, Cynthia M Castro, William L Haskell, Randall S Stafford, Leslie A Pruitt, Kathy Berra, Veronica Yank, Roger A Fielding, Miriam E Nelson, Sara C Folta, Edward M Phillips, Christine K Liu, Erica C McDavitt, Kieran F Reid, Dylan R Kirn, Evan P Pasha, Won S Kim, Vince E Beard, Eleni X Tsiroyannis, Cynthia Hau, Todd M Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephen D Anton, Susan Nayfield, Thomas W Buford, Michael Marsiske, Bhanuprasad D Sandesara, Jeffrey D Knaggs, Megan S Lorow, William C Marena, Irina Korytov, Holly L Morris, Margo Fitch, Floris F Singletary, Jackie Causer, Katie A Radcliff, Anne B Newman, Stephanie A Studenski, Bret H Goodpaster, Nancy W Glynn, Oscar Lopez, Neelesh K Nadkarni, Kathy Williams, Mark A Newman, George Grove, Janet T Bonk, Jennifer Rush, Piera Kost, Diane G Ives, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Anthony P Marsh, Tina E Brinkley, Jamehl S Demons, Kaycee M Sink, Kimberly Kennedy, Rachel Shertzer-Skinner, Abbie Wrights, Rose Fries, Deborah Barr, Thomas M Gill, Robert S Axtell, Susan S Kashaf, Nathalie de Rekeneire, Joanne M McGloin, Karen C Wu, Denise M Shepard, Barbara Fennelly, Lynne P Iannone, Raeleen Mautner, Theresa Sweeney Barnett, Sean N Halpin, Matthew J Brennan, Julie A Bugaj, Maria A Zenoni, Bridget M Mignosa, Jeff Williamson, Kaycee M Sink, Hugh C Hendrie, Stephen R Rapp, Joe Verghese, Nancy Woolard, Mark Espeland, Janine Jennings, Carl J Pepine, Mario Ariet, Eileen Handberg, Daniel Deluca, James Hill, Anita Szady, Geoffrey L Chupp, Gail M Flynn, Thomas M Gill, John L Hankinson, Carlos A Vaz Fragoso, Erik J Groessl, Robert M Kaplan, David Bann, Don Hire, Todd Manini, Rachel Cooper, Anda Botoseneanu, Mary M McDermott, Marco Pahor, Nancy W Glynn, Roger Fielding, Abby C King, Timothy Church, Walter T Ambrosius, Thomas M Gill, LIFE Study Group, Marco Pahor, Jack M Guralnik, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Caudle Lauren Crump, Latonia Holmes, Jocelyn Lee, Michael E Miller, Mark A Espeland, Walter T Ambrosius, William Applegate, Daniel P Beavers, Robert P Byington, Delilah Cook, Curt D Furberg, Lea N Harvin, Leora Henkin, John Hepler, Fang-Chi Hsu, Laura Lovato, Wesley Roberson, Julia Rushing, Scott Rushing, Cynthia L Stowe, Michael P Walkup, Don Hire, W Jack Rejeski, Jeffrey A Katula, Peter H Brubaker, Shannon L Mihalko, Janine M Jennings, Evan C Hadley, Sergei Romashkan, Kushang V Patel, Denise Bonds, Mary M McDermott, Bonnie Spring, Joshua Hauser, Diana Kerwin, Kathryn Domanchuk, Rex Graff, Alvito Rego, Timothy S Church, Steven N Blair, Valerie H Myers, Ron Monce, Nathan E Britt, Melissa Nauta Harris, Ami Parks McGucken, Ruben Rodarte, Heidi K Millet, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Ben P Butitta, Sheletta G Donatto, Shannon H Cocreham, Abby C King, Cynthia M Castro, William L Haskell, Randall S Stafford, Leslie A Pruitt, Kathy Berra, Veronica Yank, Roger A Fielding, Miriam E Nelson, Sara C Folta, Edward M Phillips, Christine K Liu, Erica C McDavitt, Kieran F Reid, Dylan R Kirn, Evan P Pasha, Won S Kim, Vince E Beard, Eleni X Tsiroyannis, Cynthia Hau, Todd M Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephen D Anton, Susan Nayfield, Thomas W Buford, Michael Marsiske, Bhanuprasad D Sandesara, Jeffrey D Knaggs, Megan S Lorow, William C Marena, Irina Korytov, Holly L Morris, Margo Fitch, Floris F Singletary, Jackie Causer, Katie A Radcliff, Anne B Newman, Stephanie A Studenski, Bret H Goodpaster, Nancy W Glynn, Oscar Lopez, Neelesh K Nadkarni, Kathy Williams, Mark A Newman, George Grove, Janet T Bonk, Jennifer Rush, Piera Kost, Diane G Ives, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Anthony P Marsh, Tina E Brinkley, Jamehl S Demons, Kaycee M Sink, Kimberly Kennedy, Rachel Shertzer-Skinner, Abbie Wrights, Rose Fries, Deborah Barr, Thomas M Gill, Robert S Axtell, Susan S Kashaf, Nathalie de Rekeneire, Joanne M McGloin, Karen C Wu, Denise M Shepard, Barbara Fennelly, Lynne P Iannone, Raeleen Mautner, Theresa Sweeney Barnett, Sean N Halpin, Matthew J Brennan, Julie A Bugaj, Maria A Zenoni, Bridget M Mignosa, Jeff Williamson, Kaycee M Sink, Hugh C Hendrie, Stephen R Rapp, Joe Verghese, Nancy Woolard, Mark Espeland, Janine Jennings, Carl J Pepine, Mario Ariet, Eileen Handberg, Daniel Deluca, James Hill, Anita Szady, Geoffrey L Chupp, Gail M Flynn, Thomas M Gill, John L Hankinson, Carlos A Vaz Fragoso, Erik J Groessl, Robert M Kaplan

Abstract

Background: Identifying modifiable determinants of fat mass and muscle strength in older adults is important given their impact on physical functioning and health. Light intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior are potential determinants, but their relations to these outcomes are poorly understood. We evaluated associations of light intensity physical activity and sedentary time-assessed both objectively and by self-report-with body mass index (BMI) and grip strength in a large sample of older adults.

Methods: We used cross-sectional baseline data from 1130 participants of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study, a community-dwelling sample of relatively sedentary older adults (70-89 years) at heightened risk of mobility disability. Time spent sedentary and in light intensity activity were assessed using an accelerometer worn for 3-7 days (Actigraph GT3X) and by self-report. Associations between these exposures and measured BMI and grip strength were evaluated using linear regression.

Results: Greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were both associated with lower BMI. This was evident using objective measures of lower-light intensity, and both objective and self-reported measures of higher-light intensity activity. Time spent watching television was positively associated with BMI, while reading and computer use were not. Greater time spent in higher but not lower intensities of light activity (assessed objectively) was associated with greater grip strength in men but not women, while neither objectively assessed nor self-reported sedentary time was associated with grip strength.

Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were associated with lower BMI. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that replacing sedentary activities with light intensity activities could lead to lower BMI levels and obesity prevalence among the population of older adults. However, longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to strengthen causal inferences.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01072500.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

    1. Schaap LA, Koster A, Visser M (2013) Adiposity, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Strength in Relation to Functional Decline in Older Persons. Epidemiol Rev 35: 51–65.
    1. Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Lamb KM (2010) Obesity and mobility disability in the older adult. Obesity Reviews 11: 568–579. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00703.x
    1. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI (2013) Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 309: 71–82. 10.1001/jama.2012.113905
    1. den Ouden MEM, Schuurmans MJ, Arts IEMA, van der Schouw YT (2011) Physical performance characteristics related to disability in older persons: A systematic review. Maturitas 69: 208–219. 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.04.008
    1. Cooper R, Kuh D, Hardy R (2010) Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 341: c4467 10.1136/bmj.c4467
    1. Bouchard DR, Janssen I (2010) Dynapenic-Obesity and Physical Function in Older Adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 65: 71–77. 10.1093/gerona/glp159
    1. Hardy R, Cooper R, Aihie Sayer A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cooper C et al. (2013) Body Mass Index, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults from Eight Cohort Studies: The HALCyon Programme. Plos One 8: e56483 10.1371/journal.pone.0056483
    1. Yang M, Ding X, Luo L, Hao Q, Dong B (2014) Disability Associated With Obesity, Dynapenia and Dynapenic-Obesity in Chinese Older Adults. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 15: 150 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.10.004
    1. Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB et al. (2008) Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 11: 693–700. 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d
    1. Yassine HN, Marchetti CM, Krishnan RK, Vrobel TR, Gonzalez F et al. (2009) Effects of Exercise and Caloric Restriction on Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Older Obese Adults—a Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 64A: 90–95.
    1. Kim CJ, Park JW, Park HR (2013) Effects of a community-based intervention on cardio-metabolic risk and self-care behaviour in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Int J Nurs Pract 20: 212–220. 10.1111/ijn.12139
    1. Finucane FM, Sharp SJ, Purslow LR, Horton K, Horton J et al. (2010) The effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic risk, insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipid in healthy older people from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 53: 624–631. 10.1007/s00125-009-1641-z
    1. Peterson MD, Rhea MR, Sen A, Gordon PM (2010) Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews 9: 226–237. 10.1016/j.arr.2010.03.004
    1. Bann D, Kuh D, Wills AK, Adams J, Brage S et al. (2014) Physical activity across adulthood in relation to fat and lean mass in early old age: findings from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, 1946–2010. Am J Epidemiol 179: 1197–1207. 10.1093/aje/kwu033
    1. Dodds R, Kuh D, Aihie Sayer A, Cooper R (2013) Physical activity levels across adult life and grip strength in early old age: updating findings from a British birth cohort. Age Ageing 42: 794–798. 10.1093/ageing/aft124
    1. Miller DK, Malmstrom TK, Miller JP, Andresen EM, Schootman M et al. (2010) Predictors of change in grip strength over 3 years in the African American health project. J Aging Health 22: 183–196. 10.1177/0898264309355816
    1. Stenholm S, Tiainen K, Rantanen T, Sainio P, Heliovaara M et al. (2012) Long-term determinants of muscle strength decline: prospective evidence from the 22-year mini-Finland follow-up survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 60: 77–85. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03779.x
    1. Tikkanen P, Nykanen I, Lonnroos E, Sipila S, Sulkava R et al. (2012) Physical activity at age of 20–64 years and mobility and muscle strength in old age: a community-based study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67: 905–910. 10.1093/gerona/gls005
    1. Scott D, Blizzard L, Fell J, Jones G (2011) Prospective associations between ambulatory activity, body composition and muscle function in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 21: 168–175.
    1. Ekelund U, Besson H, Luan J, May AM, Sharp SJ et al. (2011) Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93: 826–835. 10.3945/ajcn.110.006593
    1. Manini TM, Everhart JE, Anton SD, Schoeller DA, Cummings SR et al. (2009) Activity energy expenditure and change in body composition in late life. Am J Clin Nutr 90: 1336–1342. 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27659
    1. Kowalski K, Rhodes R, Naylor PJ, Tuokko H, MacDonald S (2012) Direct and indirect measurement of physical activity in older adults: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 9: 148 10.1186/1479-5868-9-148
    1. España-Romero V, Golubic R, Martin KR, Hardy R, Ekelund U et al. (2014) Comparison of the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire with Combined Heart Rate and Movement Sensing in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older British Adults. Plos One 9: e87085 10.1371/journal.pone.0087085
    1. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, Meckes N, Bassett DR Jr et al. (2011) 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43: 1575–1581. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12
    1. Thorp AA, Owen N, Neuhaus M, Dunstan DW (2011) Sedentary Behaviors and Subsequent Health Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies, 1996–2011. Am J Prev Med 41: 207–215. 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.004
    1. Ford ES, Caspersen CJ (2012) Sedentary behaviour and cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol 41: 1338–1353. 10.1093/ije/dys078
    1. The Sedentary Behaviour and Obesity Expert Working Group (2011) Sedentary Behaviour and Obesity:Review of the Current Scientific Evidence.
    1. Pulsford RM, Stamatakis E, Britton AR, Brunner EJ, Hillsdon MM (2013) Sitting Behavior and Obesity: Evidence from the Whitehall II Study. Am J Prev Med 44: 132–138. 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.009
    1. Hamer M, Stamatakis E (2013) Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Muscle Strength in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Plos One 8: e66222 10.1371/journal.pone.0066222
    1. Matthews CE, Chen KY, Freedson PS, Buchowski MS, Beech BM et al. (2008) Amount of Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in the United States, 2003–2004. Am J Epidemiol 167: 875–881. 10.1093/aje/kwm390
    1. Fielding RA, Rejeski WJ, Blair S, Church T, Espeland MA et al. (2011) The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Design and Methods. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 66: 1226–1237. 10.1093/gerona/glr123
    1. Marsh AP, Lovato LC, Glynn NW, Kennedy K, Castro C et al. (2013) Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 68: 1549–1558. 10.1093/gerona/glt064
    1. Choi L, Liu Z, Matthews CE, Buchowski MS (2011) Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43: 357–364. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3
    1. Copeland JL, Esliger DW (2009) Accelerometer Assessment of Physical Activity in Active, Healthy Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 17: 17–30.
    1. Strath SJ, Pfeiffer KA, Whitt-Glover MC (2012) Accelerometer Use with Children, Older Adults, and Adults with Functional Limitations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: S77–S85. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182399eb1
    1. Buman MP, Hekler EB, Haskell WL, Pruitt L, Conway TL et al. (2010) Objective Light-Intensity Physical Activity Associations With Rated Health in Older Adults. Am J Epidemiol 172: 1155–1165. 10.1093/aje/kwq249
    1. Stewart AL, Mills KM, King AC, Haskell WL, Gillis DAWN et al. (2001) CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults: outcomes for interventions. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33: 1126–1141. 10.3855/jidc.5778
    1. Sedentary Behaviour RN (2012) Letter to the editor: standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 37: 540–542. 10.1139/h2012-024
    1. Hekler EB, Buman MP, Haskell WL, Conway TL, Cain KL et al. (2012) Reliability and Validity of CHAMPS Self-Reported Sedentary-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity in Older Adults. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 9: 225–236. 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.031
    1. Cooper R, Mishra GD, Kuh D (2011) Physical Activity Across Adulthood and Physical Performance in Midlife: Findings from a British Birth Cohort. Am J Prev Med 41: 376–384. 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.035
    1. Flegal KM, Shepherd JA, Looker AC, Graubard BI, Borrud LG et al. (2009) Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89: 500–508. 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26847
    1. Harris JL, Pomeranz JL, Lobstein T, Brownell KD (2009) A Crisis in the Marketplace: How Food Marketing Contributes to Childhood Obesity and What Can Be Done. Annu Rev Public Health 30: 211–225. 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100304
    1. Wells JCK, Marphatia AA, Cole TJ, McCoy D (2012) Associations of economic and gender inequality with global obesity prevalence: Understanding the female excess. Social Science & Medicine 75: 482–490. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.005
    1. Hoyenga KB, Hoyenga KT (1982) Gender and energy balance: sex differences in adaptations for feast and famine. Physiol Behav 28: 545–563.
    1. Hagobian T, Evero N (2013) Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences? Curr Obes Rep 2: 86–92.
    1. Donnelly JE, Honas JJ, Smith BK, Mayo MS, Gibson CA et al. (2013) Aerobic exercise alone results in clinically significant weight loss for men and women: midwest exercise trial 2. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21: E219–E228. 10.1002/oby.20145
    1. Crane JD, MacNeil LG, Tarnopolsky MA (2013) Long-term aerobic exercise is associated with greater muscle strength throughout the life span. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 68: 631–638. 10.1093/gerona/gls237
    1. Konopka AR, Harber MP (2014) Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy After Aerobic Exercise Training. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 42 10.1249/JES.0000000000000028
    1. Hutcheon JA, Chiolero A, Hanley JA (2010) Random measurement error and regression dilution bias. BMJ 340: c2289 10.1136/bmj.c2289
    1. Park H, Park S, Shephard RJ, Aoyagi Y (2010) Yearlong physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults: the Nakanojo Study. European Journal of Applied Physiology 109: 953–961. 10.1007/s00421-010-1424-8
    1. Newton RL, Han H, Zderic T, Hamilton M (2013) The Energy Expenditure of Sedentary Behavior: A Whole Room Calorimeter Study. Plos One 8: e63171 10.1371/journal.pone.0063171
    1. Goldman SE, Hall M, Boudreau R, Matthews KA, Cauley JA et al. (2008) Association between nighttime sleep and napping in older adults. Sleep 31: 733–740.
    1. van der Bij AK, Laurant MGH, Wensing M (2002) Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for older adults: a review. Am J Prev Med 22: 120–133.

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores e Colaboradores

Condições médicas

Intervenções de drogas

3
Se inscrever