Maximal mouth opening capacity: percentiles for healthy children 4-17 years of age

Lukas Müller, Hubertus van Waes, Christoph Langerweger, Luciano Molinari, Rotraud K Saurenmann, Lukas Müller, Hubertus van Waes, Christoph Langerweger, Luciano Molinari, Rotraud K Saurenmann

Abstract

Background: A reduced mouth opening capacity may be one of the first clinical signs of pathological changes in the masticatory system. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to create age related percentiles for unassisted maximal mouth opening capacity (MOC) of healthy children.

Methods: All recordings of MOC as measured at the yearly dental examinations of school children in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, between August 2009 and August 2010 were extracted from the database. The program LMSchartMaker Pro Version 2.43, Huiqi Pan and Tim Cole, Medical Research Council, 1997-2010 was used to calculate age and sex related reference centiles.

Results: Records from 22(')060 dental examinations were found during the study period. In 1286 (5.8%) the maximal interincisal measurement was missing. Another 55 examinations were excluded because of missing data for sex (7), age at examination (11) or because the value was deemed to be pathologically low (37). Thus, a total of 20(')719 measurements (10(')060 girls, 10(')659 boys) were included in the analysis. The median age (range) was 9.9 years (3.3-18.3) for girls and 10.0 years (2.8-18.7) for boys. The mean MOC (range) was 45 mm (25-69) for girls and 45 mm (25-70) for boys. Age related percentiles were created for girls and boys separately, showing the 3(rd), 10(th), 25(th), 50(th), 75(th), 90(th), and 97(th) percentile from 3 through 18 years of age.

Conclusions: In these 20(')719 unselected school children MOC increased with age but showed a wide range within children of the same age.

Keywords: Arthritis; Diagnosis; Juvenile idiopathic Arthritis; Outcome research.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Measuring the maximal mouth opening capacity. Measuring the maximal mouth opening capacity with a metallic calliper (millimetre scale) between the incisal edges of upper and lower central incisors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatterplot of all 22′060 measurements with outlayers. Extreme outliers (below dotted line) were defined as values less than 25 mm in 3–9 year-old children and less than 30 mm in children older than 10 years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age related percentiles for boys. Percentiles of maximal mouth opening capacity for boys showing the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile from 3 through 18 years of age.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age related percentiles for girls. Percentiles of maximal mouth opening capacity for girls showing the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile from 3 through 18 years of age.

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