To what extent do food purchases reflect shoppers' diet quality and nutrient intake?

Bradley M Appelhans, Simone A French, Christy C Tangney, Lisa M Powell, Yamin Wang, Bradley M Appelhans, Simone A French, Christy C Tangney, Lisa M Powell, Yamin Wang

Abstract

Background: Food purchasing is considered a key mediator between the food environment and eating behavior, and food purchasing patterns are increasingly measured in epidemiologic and intervention studies. However, the extent to which food purchases actually reflect individuals' dietary intake has not been rigorously tested. This study examined cross-sectional agreement between estimates of diet quality and nutrient densities derived from objectively documented household food purchases and those derived from interviewer-administered 24-h diet recalls. A secondary aim was to identify moderator variables associated with attenuated agreement between purchases and dietary intake.

Methods: Primary household food shoppers (N = 196) collected and annotated receipts for all household food and beverage purchases (16,356 total) over 14 days. Research staff visited participants' homes four times to photograph the packaging and nutrition labels of each purchased item. Three or four multiple-pass 24-h diet recalls were performed within the same 14-d period. Nutrient densities and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores were calculated from both food purchase and diet recall data.

Results: HEI-2010 scores derived from food purchases (median = 60.9, interquartile range 49.1-71.7) showed moderate agreement (ρc = .57, p < .0001) and minimal bias (-2.0) with HEI-2010 scores from 24-h recalls (median = 60.1, interquartile range 50.8-73.9). The degree of observed bias was unrelated to the number of food/beverage purchases reported or participant characteristics such as social desirability, household income, household size, and body mass. Concordance for individual nutrient densities from food purchases and 24-h diet recalls varied widely from ρc = .10 to .61, with the strongest associations observed for fiber (ρc = .61), whole fruit (ρc = .48), and vegetables (ρc = .39).

Conclusions: Objectively documented household food purchases yield an unbiased and reasonably accurate estimate of overall diet quality as measured through 24-h diet recalls, but are generally less useful for characterizing dietary intake of specific nutrients. Thus, some degree of caution is warranted when interpreting food purchase data as a reflection of diet in epidemiological and clinical research. Future work should examine agreement between food purchases and nutritional biomarkers.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02073643 . Retrospectively registered.

Keywords: Diet quality; Dietary assessment; Energy density; Food purchasing; Healthy eating index.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow of participants through the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Bland-Altman plot depicting agreement between Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores derived from 24-h diet recalls and food purchase receipts (N = 196). Plot shows the mean difference between methods (bias) and 95% confidence intervals of the differences (shaded regions) across the distribution of scores (N = 196)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Lowess plot depicting a relatively consistent level of agreement between HEI-2010 scores calculated from purchase and diet recall data (N = 196), regardless of the number of line item food purchases reported

References

    1. Chiuve SE, Fung TT, Rimm EB, Hu FB, McCullough ML, Wang M, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease. J Nutr. 2012;142:1009–18. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.157222.
    1. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Diet quality as assessed by the healthy eating index, the alternate healthy eating index, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension score, and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115:780–800. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.009.
    1. Appelhans BM, Woolf K, Johnson TJ, Pagoto SL, Schneider KL, Whited MC, Ventrelle JC. Socioeconomic status, energy cost, and nutrient content of supermarket food purchases. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42:398–402. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.12.007.
    1. French SA, Wall M, Mitchell NR. Household income differences in food sources and food items purchased. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7:77. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-77.
    1. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis. Nutr Rev. 2015;73:643–60. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv027.
    1. Ng SW, Poti JM, Popkin BM. Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000-2013. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:750–9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.127944.
    1. Hiza HA, Casavale KO, Guenther PM, Davis CA. Diet quality of Americans differs by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education level. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:297–306. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.011.
    1. Aggarwal A, Monsivais P, Cook AJ, Drewnowski A. Does diet cost mediate the relation between socioeconomic position and diet quality? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65:1059–66. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.72.
    1. Caspi CE, Lenk K, Pelletier JE, Barnes TL, Harnack L, Erickson DJ et al. Food and beverage purchases in corner stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores. Pub Health Nutr. 2016: in press.
    1. Caspi CE, Pelletier JE, Harnack L, Erickson DJ, Laska MN. Differences in healthy food supply and stocking practices between small grocery stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores. Pub Health Nutr. 2016;19:540–7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002724.
    1. Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Bosire C. Evaluating the food environment: application of the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38:465–71. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.01.015.
    1. Stern D, Ng SW, Popkin BM. The nutrient content of U.S. household food purchases by store type. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50:180–90. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.025.
    1. Milliron BJ, Woolf K, Appelhans BM. A point-of-purchase intervention featuring in-person supermarket education impacts healthy food purchases. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44:225–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2011.05.016.
    1. Liberato SC, Bailie R, Brimblecombe J. Nutrition interventions at point-of-sale to encourage healthier food purchasing: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:919. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-919.
    1. Escaron AL, Meinen AM, Nitzke SA, Martinez-Donate AP. Supermarket and grocery store-based interventions to promote healthful food choices and eating practices: a systematic review. Prev Chronic Dis. 2013;10:E50. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.120156.
    1. Harnack L, Oakes JM, Elbel B, Beatty T, Rydell S, French S. Effects of subsidies and prohibitions on nutrition in a food benefit program: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Int Med. 2016;176:1610–8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5633.
    1. Gittelsohn J, Rowan M, Gadhoke P. Interventions in small food stores to change the food environment, improve diet, and reduce risk of chronic disease. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E59.
    1. Langellier BA, Garza JR, Prelip ML, Glik D, Brookmeyer R, Ortega AN. Corner store inventories, purchases, and strategies for intervention: a review of the literature. Calif J Health Promot. 2013;11(3):1–13.
    1. Ortega AN, Albert SL, Chan-Golston AM, Langellier BA, Glik DC, Belin TR, et al. Substantial improvements not seen in health behaviors following corner store conversions in two Latino food swamps. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:389. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3074-1.
    1. Tang W, Aggarwal A, Liu Z, Acheson M, Rehm CD, Moudon AV, et al. Validating self-reported food expenditures against food store and eating-out receipts. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70:352–7. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.166.
    1. French SA, Shimotsu ST, Wall M, Gerlach AF. Capturing the spectrum of household food and beverage purchasing behavior: a review. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:2051–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.001.
    1. French SA, Wall M, Mitchell NR, Shimotsu ST, Welsh E. Annotated receipts capture household food purchases from a broad range of sources. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009;6:37. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-37.
    1. Cullen K, Baranowski T, Watson K, Nicklas T, Fisher J, O'Donnell S, et al. Food category purchases vary by household education and race/ethnicity: results from grocery receipts. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107:1747–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.07.007.
    1. Martin SL, Howell T, Duan Y, Walters M. The feasibility and utility of grocery receipt analyses for dietary assessment. Nutr J. 2006;5:10. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-5-10.
    1. DeWalt KM, D'Angelo S, McFadden M, Danner FW, Noland M, Kotchen JM. The use of itemized register tapes for analysis of household food acquisition patterns prompted by children. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990;90:559–62.
    1. Einav L, Leibtag E, Nevo A. Recording discrepancies in Nielsen homescan data: Are they present and do they matter? Quant Mark Econ. 2010;8:207–39. doi: 10.1007/s11129-009-9073-0.
    1. Ng SW, Popkin BM. Monitoring foods and nutrients sold and consumed in the United States: dynamics and challenges. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:41–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.09.015.
    1. Zhen C, Taylor JL, Muth MK, Leibtag E. Understanding differences in self-reported expenditures between household scanner data and diary survey data: A comparison of homescan and consumer expenditure survey. Rev Agric Econ. 2009;31:470–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01449.x.
    1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. FoodAPS National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey: Documentation. 2016. . Accessed 29 Dec 2016.
    1. Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Botham H, Khara TN, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Use of supermarket receipts to estimate energy and fat content of food purchased by lean and overweight families. Appetite. 2003;41:141–8. doi: 10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00051-5.
    1. Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Khara TN, Botham H, Arnot H, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. The use of supermarket till receipts to determine the fat and energy intake in a UK population. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4:1279–86. doi: 10.1079/PHN2001171.
    1. Eyles H, Jiang Y, Ni MC. Use of household supermarket sales data to estimate nutrient intakes: a comparison with repeat 24-h dietary recalls. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:106–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.005.
    1. United States Census Bureau. Federal poverty thresholds. . Accessed 12 Dec 2016.
    1. Posner BM, Smigelski C, Duggal A, Morgan JL, Cobb J, Cupples LA. Validation of two-dimensional models for estimation of portion size in nutrition research. J Amer Diet Assoc. 1992;92:738–41.
    1. Guenther PM, Casavale KO, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hiza HA, Kuczynski KJ, Kahle LL, Krebs-Smith SM. Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2010. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:569–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.12.016.
    1. United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Health and Human Services . Dietary guidelines for Americans. 7. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.
    1. Reynolds WM. Development of reliable and valid short forms of the marlowe–crowne social desirability scale. J Clin Psychol. 1982;38:119–25. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>;2-I.
    1. Hebert JR, Hurley TG, Peterson KE, Resnicow K, Thompson FE, Yaroch AL, Ehlers M, Midthune D, Williams GC, Greene GW, et al. Social desirability trait influences on self-reported dietary measures among diverse participants in a multicenter multiple risk factor trial. J Nutr. 2008;138:226s–34s.
    1. Schoch AH, Raynor HA. Social desirability, not dietary restraint, is related to accuracy of reported dietary intake of a laboratory meal in females during a 24-h recall. Eat Behav. 2012;13:78–81. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.010.
    1. Lin LIK. A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducability. Biometrics. 1989;45:255–68. doi: 10.2307/2532051.
    1. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307–10. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8.
    1. Subar AF, Freedman LS, Tooze JA, Kirkpatrick SI, Boushey C, Neuhouser ML, Thompson FE, Potischman N, Guenther PM, Tarasuk V, et al. Addressing current criticism regarding the value of self-report dietary data. J Nutr. 2015;145:2639–45. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.219634.
    1. Barrington WE, White E. Mortality outcomes associated with intake of fast-food items and sugar-sweetened drinks among older adults in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19:3319–26. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016001518.
    1. Harmon BE, Boushey CJ, Shvetsov YB, Ettienne R, Reedy J, Wilkens LR, LeMarchand L, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Associations of key diet-quality indexes with mortality in the multiethnic cohort: the dietary patterns methods project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:587–97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.090688.
    1. Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Buckman DW, Dodd KW, Casavale KO, Carroll RJ. The healthy eating index-2010 is a valid and reliable measure of diet quality according to the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans. J Nutr. 2014;144:399–407. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.183079.
    1. U.S. Department of Agriculture. HEI-2010 Total and Component Scores for Children, Adults, and Older Adults During 2011-2012. Available: . Accessed 3 Mar 2017.

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores e Colaboradores

Condições médicas

Intervenções de drogas

3
Se inscrever