Effects of interval training on quality of life and cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Marcel Ballin, Emmy Lundberg, Niklas Sörlén, Peter Nordström, Andreas Hult, Anna Nordström, Marcel Ballin, Emmy Lundberg, Niklas Sörlén, Peter Nordström, Andreas Hult, Anna Nordström

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the effects of 10 weeks of progressive vigorous interval training as a single intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cardiometabolic risk markers in centrally obese 70-year-old individuals.

Participants and methods: A randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT03450655) including seventy-seven community-dwelling 70-year-old men and women with central obesity defined as > 1 kg visceral adipose tissue for women and > 2 kg for men. Participants randomized to the intervention group were offered a 10-week progressive vigorous interval training program performed three times per week. Control subjects were asked to maintain their daily living and routines throughout the trial. All participants in both groups had received tailored lifestyle recommendations focused on diet and physical activity at one occasion within 12 months prior to trial initiation. Prespecified outcome measures included: changes in HRQoL using the Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), blood pressure; resting heart rate (HR) and blood lipids. All analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results: The intervention resulted in significant effects on the SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) score and the mental health (MH) subscale (P< 0.05 for both), when compared to the control group. Specifically, the intervention group increased their MCS score by 6.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3-12.3) and their MH score by 6.0 points (95% CI = 1.7-10.4) compared to the control group. Moreover, significant effects were seen on resting HR, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (P<0.05 for all).

Conclusion: It was shown that 10 weeks of vigorous interval training as a single intervention was sufficient to improve mental aspects of HRQoL in older individuals with central obesity, which is a critical aspect of healthy ageing. Positive effects were seen also on cardiometabolic risk markers.

Keywords: ageing; blood lipids; exercise; perceived health.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

© 2019 Ballin et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow chart previously provided as supporting online information in Ballin et al 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean changes and 95% confidence intervals for SF-36 raw scores across all subscales and component summaries from baseline to follow-up for the intervention group compared to the control group. P-values are derived from ANCOVA on mean change from baseline to follow-up adjusted for baseline values. Abbreviations: BP, bodily pain; CI, confidence interval; GH, general health; MCS, mental component summary; MH, mental health; PCS, physical component summary; PF, physical functioning; RE, emotional role functioning; RF, physical role functioning; SF, social functioning; VT, vitality.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean percentage changes in cardiometabolic risk markers in the study groups following the 10-week intervention period. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. P-values are derived from ANCOVAs on mean change from baseline to follow-up in percent adjusted for baseline values. Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.

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