Effects of a dietary intervention with conjugated linoleic acid on immunological and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with allergic asthma--a placebo-controlled pilot trial

Anke Jaudszus, Jochen G Mainz, Sylvia Pittag, Sabine Dornaus, Christian Dopfer, Alexander Roth, Gerhard Jahreis, Anke Jaudszus, Jochen G Mainz, Sylvia Pittag, Sabine Dornaus, Christian Dopfer, Alexander Roth, Gerhard Jahreis

Abstract

Background: Circumstantial evidence suggests that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) beneficially modulates immune function in allergic subjects. C9,t11-CLA, naturally occurring in ruminant fats, is suggested to be the effective isomer. In contrast, for the t10,c12-CLA isomer, which is naturally found only in traces but usually constitutes a relevant part in commercial CLA mixtures, adverse effects have been reported. Aim of this study was to assess putative immunomodulatory effects of highly enriched c9,t11-CLA in allergic subjects. To our best knowledge, our study is the first in that a CLA preparation was used for such purpose which was free of t10,c12-CLA.

Design: Twenty-nine asthmatic children and adolescents (age 6-18 y) with diagnosed allergic sensitization against grass pollen, house dust mite, or cat hair/epithelia consumed daily a portion of yoghurt containing either 3 g CLA (75 % c9,t11-CLA, 87 % purity) or placebo (safflower oil) over a period of 12 weeks. At study start and end, lung function parameters, specific IgE, in vitro allergen-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma ECP, urinary 8-oxodG as marker of oxidation, fatty acid profiles of erythrocytes, and routine haematological parameters were determined. Prior to blood samplings, 3-days dietary records were requested. Throughout the study, the participants documented daily their peak expiratory flow and kept protocol about their allergy symptoms and usage of demand medication.

Results: In contrast to the CLA group, PBMC-produced IFN-γ and IL-4 increased significantly and by trend, respectively, in the placebo group. Moreover, plasma ECP tended to increase in the placebo group. In the pollen subgroup, FEV1 improved upon both CLA and placebo oil supplementation. In both intervention groups, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in red blood cells decreased, mainly due to an increase in n-3 PUFA. Moreover, 8-oxodG excretion increased in both groups. No changes occurred regarding specific IgE concentrations, allergy symptoms, and volume parameters.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that CLA modestly dampens the inflammatory response on the cellular level. A clinically relevant amelioration of the symptoms could not be proved in atopic manifest patients.

Trial registration: NCT01026506.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the study participants recruited and allocated to the study groups, and the design of the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Concentration of 9,11-CLA in RBC. Fatty acid profiles were determined by GC-FID analysis of cellular lipid extracts and are expressed as % of total FAME. Data represent means ± SD. ***Significant increase in all 9,11-CLA isomers compared with placebo and study start (p < 0.001)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and symptom score. The PEF values (a) and allergy symptoms (b) were self-recorded every day by the participants throughout the study. Of all patient’s diaries, a total of 21 were filled in correctly. Symptom data of a total of 7 participants (5 of the placebo group) were incomplete and therefore not included. Means are defined by crossmarks
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
In vitro cytokine production of stimulated PBMC. Box plots depict study start to study end changes in cytokine release. **p < 0.01, tp = 0.052
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Concentration of plasma ECP
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA (a) and concentration of n-3 PUFA (b) in RBC. Fatty acid profiles were determined by GC-FID analysis of cellular lipid extracts. a The ratio was calculated on the basis of C18-22 PUFA. b Means are defined by crossmarks
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Renal excretion of 8-oxodG

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