Emergency laparotomy in the older patient: factors predictive of 12-month mortality-Salford-POPS-GS. An observational study

Arturo Vilches-Moraga, Mollie Rowley, Jenny Fox, Haroon Khan, Areej Paracha, Angeline Price, Lyndsay Pearce, Arturo Vilches-Moraga, Mollie Rowley, Jenny Fox, Haroon Khan, Areej Paracha, Angeline Price, Lyndsay Pearce

Abstract

Introduction: Although high rates of in-hospital mortality have been described in older patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL), less is known about longer-term outcomes in this population. We describe factors present at the time of hospital admission that influence 12-month survival in older patients.

Methods: Observational study of patients aged 75 years and over, who underwent EL at our hospital between 8th September 2014 and 30th March 2017.

Results: 113 patients were included. Average age was 81.9 ± 4.7 years, female predominance (60/113), 3 (2.6%) lived in a care home, 103 (91.2%) and 79 (69.1%) were independent of personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) and 8 (7.1%) had cognitive impairment. Median length of stay was 16 days ± 29.9 (0-269); in-hospital mortality 22.1% (25/113), post-operative 30-day, 90-day and 12-month mortality rates 19.5% (22), 24.8% (28) and 38.9% (44). 30-day and 12-month readmission rates 5.7% (5/88) and 40.9% (36). 12-month readmission was higher in frail patients, using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score (64% 5-8 vs 31.7% 1-4, p = 0.006). Dependency for personal ADLs (6/10 (60%) dependent vs. 38/103 (36.8%) independent, p = 0.119) and cognitive impairment (5/8 (62.5%) impaired vs. 39/105 (37.1%) no impairment, p = 0.116) showed a trend towards higher 12-month mortality. On multivariate analysis, 12-month mortality was strongly associated with CFS 5-9 (HR 5.0403 (95% CI 1.719-16.982) and ASA classes III-V (HR 2.704 95% CI 1.032-7.081).

Conclusion: Frailty and high ASA class predict increased mortality at 12 months after emergency laparotomy. We advocate early engagement of multi-professional teams experienced in perioperative care of older patients.

Keywords: Comprehensive geriatric assessment; Emergency laparotomy; Frailty; Mortalitty; Older people; Surgery.

Conflict of interest statement

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overall 12-month survival after emergency laparotomy
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
12-month survival after emergency laparotomy according to American Society Anaesthesia Class 1 + 2 vs 3 + 4 + 5
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
12-month survival after emergency laparotomy according to Clinical Frailty at the time of hospital admission 1–4 vs. 5–9

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Source: PubMed

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