The outcomes of nurse practitioner (NP)-Provided home visits: A systematic review

Zainab Toteh Osakwe, Sainfer Aliyu, Olukayode Ayodeji Sosina, Lusine Poghosyan, Zainab Toteh Osakwe, Sainfer Aliyu, Olukayode Ayodeji Sosina, Lusine Poghosyan

Abstract

Background: With the shortage of primary care providers to provide home-based care to the growing number of homebound older adults in the U.S. Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are increasingly utilized to meet the growing demand for home-based care and are now the largest type of primary care providers delivering home-visits.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the current state of the evidence on health and healthcare utilization outcomes associated with NP-home visits.

Method: Five Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Cochrane Library) were systematically searched to identify studies examining NP-home visits. The search focused on English language studies that were published before April 2019 and sought to describe the outcomes associated with NP-home visits. We included experimental and observational studies. Quality appraisal was performed with the Kmet, Lee & Cook tool, and results summarized qualitatively. The impact of NP-home visits on clinical (functional status, quality of life [QOL]), and healthcare utilization (hospitalization, Emergency department(ED) visits) outcomes was evaluated.

Results/discussion: A total of 566 citations were identified; 7 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The most commonly reported outcomes were emergency department (ED) visits and readmissions. Given the limited number of articles generated by our search and wide variation in intervention and outcomes measures. NP-home visits were associated with reductions in ED visits in 2 out of 3 studies and with reduction in readmissions in 2 out of 4 studies.

Conclusion: Published studies evaluating the outcomes associated with NP-home visits are limited and of mixed quality. Limitations include small sample size, and variation in duration and frequency of NP-home visits. Future studies should investigate the independent effect of NP-home visits on the health outcomes of older adults using large and nationally representative data with more rigorous study design.

Keywords: Home Visits; Homebound Older Adult; House Calls; Medicare Homebound; Nurse Practitioners.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the process of study selection.

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