Checkpoint Blockade Reverses Anergy in IL-13Rα2 Humanized scFv-Based CAR T Cells to Treat Murine and Canine Gliomas
Yibo Yin, Alina C Boesteanu, Zev A Binder, Chong Xu, Reiss A Reid, Jesse L Rodriguez, Danielle R Cook, Radhika Thokala, Kristin Blouch, Bevin McGettigan-Croce, Logan Zhang, Christoph Konradt, Alexandria P Cogdill, M Kazim Panjwani, Shuguang Jiang, Denis Migliorini, Nadia Dahmane, Avery D Posey Jr, Carl H June, Nicola J Mason, Zhiguo Lin, Donald M O'Rourke, Laura A Johnson, Yibo Yin, Alina C Boesteanu, Zev A Binder, Chong Xu, Reiss A Reid, Jesse L Rodriguez, Danielle R Cook, Radhika Thokala, Kristin Blouch, Bevin McGettigan-Croce, Logan Zhang, Christoph Konradt, Alexandria P Cogdill, M Kazim Panjwani, Shuguang Jiang, Denis Migliorini, Nadia Dahmane, Avery D Posey Jr, Carl H June, Nicola J Mason, Zhiguo Lin, Donald M O'Rourke, Laura A Johnson
Abstract
We generated two humanized interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), Hu07BBz and Hu08BBz, that recognized human IL-13Rα2, but not IL-13Rα1. Hu08BBz also recognized canine IL-13Rα2. Both of these CAR T cell constructs demonstrated superior tumor inhibitory effects in a subcutaneous xenograft model of human glioma compared with a humanized EGFRvIII CAR T construct used in a recent phase 1 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02209376). The Hu08BBz demonstrated a 75% reduction in orthotopic tumor growth using low-dose CAR T cell infusion. Using combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade, humanized IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells performed significantly better when combined with CTLA-4 blockade, and humanized EGFRvIII CAR T cells' efficacy was improved by PD-1 and TIM-3 blockade in the same mouse model, which was correlated with the levels of checkpoint molecule expression in co-cultures with the same tumor in vitro. Humanized IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells also demonstrated benefit from a self-secreted anti-CTLA-4 minibody in the same mouse model. In addition to a canine glioma cell line (J3T), canine osteosarcoma lung cancer and leukemia cell lines also express IL-13Rα2 and were recognized by Hu08BBz. Canine IL-13Rα2 CAR T cell was also generated and tested in vitro by co-culture with canine tumor cells and in vivo in an orthotopic model of canine glioma. Based on these results, we are designing a pre-clinical trial to evaluate the safety of canine IL-13Rα2 CAR T cells in dog with spontaneous IL-13Rα2-positive glioma, which will help to inform a human clinical trial design for glioblastoma using humanized scFv-based IL-13Rα2 targeting CAR T cells.
Keywords: CAR; CTLA-4; IL-13Rα2; PD-1; TIM-3; canine; chimeric antigen receptor; glioblastoma; immune checkpoint blockade; minibody.
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References
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