Prospective associations of appetitive traits at 3 and 12 months of age with body mass index and weight gain in the first 2 years of life

Phaik Ling Quah, Yiong Huak Chan, Izzuddin M Aris, Wei Wei Pang, Jia Ying Toh, Mya Thway Tint, Birit F P Broekman, Seang Mei Saw, Kenneth Kwek, Keith M Godfrey, Peter D Gluckman, Yap Seng Chong, Michael J Meaney, Fabian K P Yap, Rob M van Dam, Yung Seng Lee, Mary F F Chong, GUSTO Study Group, Dennis Bier, Arijit Biswas, Cai Shirong, Helen Chan, Jerry Chan, Cornelia Chee, Audrey Chia, Chiang Wen Chin, Amutha Chinnadurai, Chng Chai Kiat, Chong Shang Chee, Chua Mei Chien, Wayne Cutfield, Mary Daniel, Ding Chun Ming, Anne Ferguson-Smith, Eric Andrew Finkelstein, Marielle Fortier, Doris Fok, Anne Goh, Daniel Goh, Joshua J Gooley, Han Wee Meng, Mark Hanson, Mikael Hartman, Michael Heymann, Stephen Hsu Chin-Ying, Hazel Inskip, Jeevesh Kapur, Joanna Holbrook, Lee Bee Wah, Lim Sok Bee, Loh Seong Feei, Low Yen Ling, Iliana Magiati, Susan Morton, N Krishnamoorthy, Cheryl Ngo, Prathiba Agarwal, Qiu Anqi, Quah Boon Long, Victor S Rajadurai, Jen Richmond, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, Allan Sheppard, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Borys Shuter, Leher Singh, So Wing Chee, Soh Shu E, Walter Stunkel, Su Lin Lin, Tan Kok Hian, Tan Soek Hui, Teoh Oon Hoe, Terry Yoke Yin Tong, Hugo Van Bever, Sudhakar Venkatesh, Helena Marieke Verkooijen, Inez by Wong, P C Wong, George S H Yeo, Phaik Ling Quah, Yiong Huak Chan, Izzuddin M Aris, Wei Wei Pang, Jia Ying Toh, Mya Thway Tint, Birit F P Broekman, Seang Mei Saw, Kenneth Kwek, Keith M Godfrey, Peter D Gluckman, Yap Seng Chong, Michael J Meaney, Fabian K P Yap, Rob M van Dam, Yung Seng Lee, Mary F F Chong, GUSTO Study Group, Dennis Bier, Arijit Biswas, Cai Shirong, Helen Chan, Jerry Chan, Cornelia Chee, Audrey Chia, Chiang Wen Chin, Amutha Chinnadurai, Chng Chai Kiat, Chong Shang Chee, Chua Mei Chien, Wayne Cutfield, Mary Daniel, Ding Chun Ming, Anne Ferguson-Smith, Eric Andrew Finkelstein, Marielle Fortier, Doris Fok, Anne Goh, Daniel Goh, Joshua J Gooley, Han Wee Meng, Mark Hanson, Mikael Hartman, Michael Heymann, Stephen Hsu Chin-Ying, Hazel Inskip, Jeevesh Kapur, Joanna Holbrook, Lee Bee Wah, Lim Sok Bee, Loh Seong Feei, Low Yen Ling, Iliana Magiati, Susan Morton, N Krishnamoorthy, Cheryl Ngo, Prathiba Agarwal, Qiu Anqi, Quah Boon Long, Victor S Rajadurai, Jen Richmond, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, Allan Sheppard, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Borys Shuter, Leher Singh, So Wing Chee, Soh Shu E, Walter Stunkel, Su Lin Lin, Tan Kok Hian, Tan Soek Hui, Teoh Oon Hoe, Terry Yoke Yin Tong, Hugo Van Bever, Sudhakar Venkatesh, Helena Marieke Verkooijen, Inez by Wong, P C Wong, George S H Yeo

Abstract

Background: Appetitive traits in childhood such as food responsiveness and enjoyment of food have been associated with body mass index (BMI) in later childhood. However, data on appetitive traits during infancy in relation to BMI in later childhood are sparse. We aimed to relate appetitive traits in infancy to subsequent BMI and weight gain up to 24 months of age.

Methods: Data of 210 infants from the Singapore GUSTO mother-offspring cohort was obtained. The Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) were administered to mothers when their offspring were aged 3 and 12 months respectively. Height and weight of offspring were measured at ages 3, 6, 9,12,15,18 and 24 months. The association of appetitive traits with both BMI z-score and weight gain were evaluated using multivariate linear regression.

Results: Food responsiveness at 3 months was associated with higher BMI from 6 months up to 15 months of age (p < 0.01) and with greater weight gain between 3 and 6 months of age (p = 0.012). Slowness in eating and satiety responsiveness at 3 months was significantly associated with lower BMI at 6 months (p < 0.01) and with less weight gain between 3 to 6 months of age (p = 0.034). None of the appetitive traits at 12 months were significantly associated with BMI or weight gain over any time period.

Conclusion: Early assessment of appetitive traits at 3 months of age but not at 12 months of age was associated with BMI and weight gain over the first two years of life.

Trial registration: Clinical Trials identifier NCT01174875.

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