Pain and anxiety management for pediatric dental procedures using various combinations of sedative drugs: A review

Giath Gazal, Wamiq Musheer Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Khalid H Al-Samadani, Giath Gazal, Wamiq Musheer Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Khalid H Al-Samadani

Abstract

For fearful and uncooperative children behavioral management techniques are used. In order to control the pain and anxiety in pedodontic patients, pharmacologic sedation, anesthesia and analgesia are commonly used. Midazolam is commonly used as an oral sedation agent in children; it has several features such as safety of use, quick onset and certain degree of amnesia that makes it a desirable sedation agent in children. This review paper discusses various aspects of oral midazolam, ketamine and their combinations in conscious sedation including, advantages of oral route of sedation, pharmacokinetics, range of oral doses, and antagonists for clinical dental treatment procedures.

Keywords: Ketamine; Oral midazolam; Pedodontics; Sedation in dentistry.

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