Circulating plasmablasts/plasma cells: a potential biomarker for IgG4-related disease
Wei Lin, Panpan Zhang, Hua Chen, Yu Chen, Hongxian Yang, Wenjie Zheng, Xuan Zhang, Fengxiao Zhang, Wen Zhang, Peter E Lipsky, Wei Lin, Panpan Zhang, Hua Chen, Yu Chen, Hongxian Yang, Wenjie Zheng, Xuan Zhang, Fengxiao Zhang, Wen Zhang, Peter E Lipsky
Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multisystem fibroinflammatory disease. We previously reported that a circulating cell population expressing CD19+CD24-CD38hi was increased in patients with IgG4-RD. In this study, we aimed to document that this cell population represented circulating plasmablasts/plasma cells, to identify the detailed phenotype and gene expression profile of these IgG4-secreting plasmablasts/plasma cells, and to determine whether this B-cell lineage subset could be a biomarker in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
Methods: A total of 42 untreated patients with IgG4-RD were evaluated. Peripheral B-cell subsets, including CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells, CD19+CD24+CD38- memory B cells, CD19+CD24intCD38int naïve B cells, and CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells, were assessed and sorted by flow cytometry. Microarray analysis was used to measure gene expression of circulating B-cell lineage subsets. Further characterization of CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells was carried out by evaluating additional surface markers, including CD27, CD95, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, by flow cytometric assay. In addition, various B-cell lineage subsets were cultured in vitro and IgG4 concentrations were measured by cytometric bead array.
Results: In untreated patients with IgG4-RD, the peripheral CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablast/plasma cell subset was increased and positively correlated with serum IgG4 levels, the number of involved organs, and the IgG4-related Disease Responder Index. It decreased after treatment with glucocorticoids. Characterization of the plasmablast/plasma cell population by gene expression profiling documented a typical plasmablast/plasma cell signature with higher expression of X-box binding protein 1 and IFN regulatory factor 4, but lower expression of paired box gene 5 and B-cell lymphoma 6 protein. In addition, CD27, CD95, and HLA-DR were highly expressed on CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells from patients with IgG4-RD. Furthermore, CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells secreted more IgG4 than other B-cell populations.
Conclusions: Circulating CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells are elevated in active IgG4-RD and decreased after glucocorticoid treatment. This IgG4-secreting plasmablast/plasma cell population might be a potentially useful biomarker for diagnosis and assessing response to treatment.
Keywords: Autoimmunity; Biomarker; CD19+CD24−CD38hi plasmablast/plasma cell; IgG4-RD.
Figures
References
- Kamisawa T, Zen Y, Pillai S, Stone JH. IgG4-related disease. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1460–71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60720-0.
- Umehara H, Kawano M. IgG4-related disease. JOP. 2015;16(2):217.
- Mahajan VS, Mattoo H, Deshpande V, Pillai SS, Stone JH. IgG4-related disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:315–47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104708.
- Wallace ZS, Deshpande V, Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Kulikova M, Pillai S, et al. IgG4-related disease: clinical and laboratory features in one hundred twenty-five patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2466–75. doi: 10.1002/art.39205.
- Lin W, Lu S, Chen H, Wu Q, Fei Y, Li M, et al. Clinical characteristics of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a prospective study of 118 Chinese patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015;54(11):1982–90. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev203.
- Kawano M, Saeki T. IgG4-related kidney disease – an update. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2015;24(2):193–201. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000102.
- Lin J, Cummings OW, Greenson JK, House MG, Liu X, Nalbantoglu I, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis in the absence of autoimmune pancreatitis mimicking extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(4):447–53. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2014.962603.
- Brito-Zeron P, Ramos-Casals M, Bosch X, Stone JH. The clinical spectrum of IgG4-related disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(12):1203–10. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.013.
- Nath V, Lewin J, Subramony C, Shenoy V. IgG4-associated cholangitis. J Miss State Med Assoc. 2014;55(12):384–8.
- Chen Y, Zhao JZ, Feng RE, Shi JH, Li XM, Fei YY, et al. Types of organ involvement in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016;129(13):1525–32. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.184459.
- Ohyama K, Koike H, Takahashi M, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Sobue G. Clinicopathological features of neuropathy associated with IgG4-related disease [in Japanese] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2014;54(12):1047–9. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1047.
- Wallace ZS, Deshpande V, Stone JH. Ophthalmic manifestations of IgG4-related disease: single-center experience and literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;43(6):806–17. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.11.008.
- Wallace ZS, Mattoo H, Carruthers M, Mahajan VS, Della Torre E, Lee H, et al. Plasmablasts as a biomarker for IgG4-related disease, independent of serum IgG4 concentrations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(1):190–5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205233.
- Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Della-Torre E, Sekigami Y, Carruthers M, Wallace ZS, et al. De novo oligoclonal expansions of circulating plasmablasts in active and relapsing IgG4-related disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):679–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.034.
- Akiyama M, Suzuki K, Yamaoka K, Yasuoka H, Takeshita M, Kaneko Y, et al. Number of circulating follicular helper 2 T cells correlates with IgG4 and interleukin-4 levels and plasmablast numbers in IgG4-related disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2476–81. doi: 10.1002/art.39209.
- Della-Torre E, Feeney E, Deshpande V, Mattoo H, Mahajan V, Kulikova M, et al. B-cell depletion attenuates serological biomarkers of fibrosis and myofibroblast activation in IgG4-related disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(12):2236–43. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205799.
- Lin W, Jin L, Chen H, Wu Q, Fei Y, Zheng W, et al. B cell subsets and dysfunction of regulatory B cells in IgG4-related diseases and primary Sjögren’s syndrome: the similarities and differences. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(3):R118. doi: 10.1186/ar4571.
- Carruthers MN, Stone JH, Deshpande V, Khosroshahi A. Development of an IgG4-RD Responder Index. Int J Rheumatol. 2012;2012:259408. doi: 10.1155/2012/259408.
- Calame KL, Lin KI, Tunyaplin C. Regulatory mechanisms that determine the development and function of plasma cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:205–30. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141138.
- De Vos J, Hose D, Reme T, Tarte K, Moreaux J, Mahtouk K, et al. Microarray-based understanding of normal and malignant plasma cells. Immunol Rev. 2006;210:86–104. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00362.x.
- Lin KI, Tunyaplin C, Calame K. Transcriptional regulatory cascades controlling plasma cell differentiation. Immunol Rev. 2003;194:19–28. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2003.00040.x.
- Lugar PL, Love C, Grammer AC, Dave SS, Lipsky PE. Molecular characterization of circulating plasma cells in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One. 2012;7(9) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044362.
- Piskurich JF, Lin KI, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ting JP, Calame K. BLIMP-I mediates extinction of major histocompatibility class II transactivator expression in plasma cells. Nat Immunol. 2000;1(6):526–32. doi: 10.1038/82788.
- Roman C, Riggs K, Merrell K, Calame K. Activator proteins which regulate immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transcription in B lymphocytes. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;352:241–8.
- Shapiro-Shelef M, Calame K. Regulation of plasma-cell development. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(3):230–42. doi: 10.1038/nri1572.
- Tarte K, Zhan F, De Vos J, Klein B, Shaughnessy J., Jr Gene expression profiling of plasma cells and plasmablasts: toward a better understanding of the late stages of B-cell differentiation. Blood. 2003;102(2):592–600. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3161.
- Mei HE, Wirries I, Frolich D, Brisslert M, Giesecke C, Grun JR, et al. A unique population of IgG-expressing plasma cells lacking CD19 is enriched in human bone marrow. Blood. 2015;125(11):1739–48. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-555169.
- Rashan AR, Goshn E, Peterson A, Yang Y, Phillips M, Sahaf B, et al. Characterization of immunoglobulin E plasma cells that are elevated in the upper airway mucosa of nonatopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(4):378–84. doi: 10.1002/alr.21696.
- Kjeldsen MK, Perez-Andres M, Schmitz A, Johansen P, Boegsted M, Nyegaard M, et al. Multiparametric flow cytometry for identification and fluorescence activated cell sorting of five distinct B-cell subpopulations in normal tonsil tissue. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136(6):960–9. doi: 10.1309/AJCPDQNP2U5DZHVV.
- Dorner T, Jacobi AM, Lee J, Lipsky PE. Abnormalities of B cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol Methods. 2011;363(2):187–97. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.06.009.
- Cassese G, Arce S, Hauser AE, Lehnert K, Moewes B, Mostarac M, et al. Plasma cell survival is mediated by synergistic effects of cytokines and adhesion-dependent signals. J Immunol. 2003;171(4):1684–90. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.1684.
- Hargreaves DC, Hyman PL, Lu TT, Ngo VN, Bidgol A, Suzuki G, et al. A coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness guides plasma cell movements. J Exp Med. 2001;194(1):45–56. doi: 10.1084/jem.194.1.45.
- Greenwald RJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. The B7 family revisited. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:515–48. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611.
- Lumsden JM, Roberts JM, Harris NL, Peach RJ, Ronchese F. Differential requirement for CD80 and CD80/CD86-dependent costimulation in the lung immune response to an influenza virus infection. J Immunol. 2000;164(1):79–85. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.79.
- Jeannin P, Delneste Y, Lecoanet-Henchoz S, Gauchat JF, Ellis J, Bonnefoy JY. CD86 (B7-2) on human B cells: a functional role in proliferation and selective differentiation into IgE- and IgG4-producing cells. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(25):15613–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.25.15613.
- Podojil JR, Kin NW, Sanders VM. CD86 and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways, respectively, increase Oct-2 and OCA-B expression and binding to the 3′-IgH enhancer in B cells. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(22):23394–404. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M313096200.
- Podojil JR, Sanders VM. Selective regulation of mature IgG1 transcription by CD86 and β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. J Immunol. 2003;170(10):5143–51. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5143.
- Podojil JR, Sanders VM. CD86 and β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation regulate B-cell activity cooperatively. Trends Immunol. 2005;26(4):180–5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2005.02.005.
- Rau FC, Dieter J, Luo Z, Priest SO, Baumgarth N. B7-1/2 (CD80/CD86) direct signaling to B cells enhances IgG secretion. J Immunol. 2009;183(12):7661–71. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803783.
Source: PubMed