Sleep characteristics in type 1 diabetes and associations with glycemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis
Sirimon Reutrakul, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Sasipas Chontong, Anne-Laure Borel, Michelle M Perfect, Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky, Romain Kessler, Bernd Schultes, Igor Alexander Harsch, Marieke van Dijk, Didier Bouhassira, Bartlomiej Matejko, Rebecca B Lipton, Parawee Suwannalai, Naricha Chirakalwasan, Anne-Katrin Schober, Kristen L Knutson, Sirimon Reutrakul, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Sasipas Chontong, Anne-Laure Borel, Michelle M Perfect, Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky, Romain Kessler, Bernd Schultes, Igor Alexander Harsch, Marieke van Dijk, Didier Bouhassira, Bartlomiej Matejko, Rebecca B Lipton, Parawee Suwannalai, Naricha Chirakalwasan, Anne-Katrin Schober, Kristen L Knutson
Abstract
Objectives: The association between inadequate sleep and type 2 diabetes has garnered much attention, but little is known about sleep and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our objectives were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing sleep in persons with and without T1D, and to explore relationships between sleep and glycemic control in T1D.
Methods: Studies were identified from Medline and Scopus. Studies reporting measures of sleep in T1D patients and controls, and/or associations between sleep and glycemic control, were selected.
Results: A total of 22 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Children with T1D had shorter sleep duration (mean difference [MD] = -26.4 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -35.4, -17.7) than controls. Adults with T1D reported poorer sleep quality (MD in standardized sleep quality score = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.70), with higher scores reflecting worse sleep quality) than controls, but there was no difference in self-reported sleep duration. Adults with TID who reported sleeping >6 hours had lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than those sleeping ≤6 hours (MD = -0.24%; 95% CI = -0.47, -0.02), and participants reporting good sleep quality had lower HbA1c than those with poor sleep quality (MD = -0.19%; 95% CI = -0.30, -0.08). The estimated prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with TID was 51.9% (95% CI = 31.2, 72.6). Patients with moderate-to-severe OSA had a trend toward higher HbA1c (MD = 0.39%, 95% CI = -0.08, 0.87).
Conclusion: T1D was associated with poorer sleep and high prevalence of OSA. Poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and OSA were associated with suboptimal glycemic control in T1D patients.
Keywords: Glycemic control; Meta-analysis; Obstructive sleep apnea; Sleep duration; Sleep quality; Type 1 diabetes.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of interest
The ICMJE Uniform Disclosure Form for Potential Conflicts of Interest associated with this article can be viewed by clicking on the following link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.019.
Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Figures
![Fig. A1.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0004.jpg)
Fig. A2.
Relationship between sleep duration and…
Fig. A2.
Relationship between sleep duration and glycemic control (GC) in adults with type 1…
Fig. A3.
Relationship between sleep duration and…
Fig. A3.
Relationship between sleep duration and glycemic control (GC) in children with type 1…
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and…
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and glycemic control (GC) in adults with type 1…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glycemic control (GC) in patients with…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean difference between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots for mean differences between adult type 1 diabetes…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection.…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection. Poolings were performed when there were three or…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls.…
- Sleep characteristics in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Griggs S, Redeker NS, Grey M. Griggs S, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;150:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Feb 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019. PMID: 30790611 Free PMC article. Review.
- Social jetlag, sleep-related parameters, and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional study.Rusu A, Ciobanu D, Bala C, Cerghizan A, Roman G. Rusu A, et al. J Diabetes. 2019 May;11(5):394-401. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12867. Epub 2018 Nov 11. J Diabetes. 2019. PMID: 30302947
- Subjective sleep disturbances and glycemic control in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh's Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study.Denic-Roberts H, Costacou T, Orchard TJ. Denic-Roberts H, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Sep;119:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Jun 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016. PMID: 27415404 Free PMC article.
- Impact of high-risk glycemic control on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality among youth (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to controls without diabetes.Rose S, Boucher SE, Galland BC, Wiltshire EJ, Stanley J, Smith C, de Bock MI, Rayns JA, MacKenzie KE, Wheeler BJ. Rose S, et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Aug;22(5):823-831. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13215. Epub 2021 Apr 28. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021. PMID: 33880853
- Disturbed sleep quality and architecture in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to glycemic control, vascular complications and insulin sensitivity.Abdelmaksoud AA, Salah NY, Ali ZM, Rashed HR, Abido AY. Abdelmaksoud AA, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;174:108774. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108774. Epub 2021 Mar 19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021. PMID: 33745994
- 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep) Association with Glycaemic Control and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.Patience M, Janssen X, Kirk A, McCrory S, Russell E, Hodgson W, Crawford M. Patience M, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054363. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36901373 Free PMC article. Review.
- Changes in Physical Activity Associated with Mental Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Uliana GC, Gomes DL, Galvão OF, Paracampo CCP. Uliana GC, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043081. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36833773 Free PMC article.
- Sleep quality and sex-related factors in adult patients with immune-mediated diabetes: a large cross-sectional study.Bongiorno C, Moscatiello S, Baldari M, Saudelli E, Zucchini S, Maltoni G, Ribichini D, Bruco A, Lo Preiato V, Laffi G, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Bongiorno C, et al. Acta Diabetol. 2023 May;60(5):663-672. doi: 10.1007/s00592-023-02036-9. Epub 2023 Feb 17. Acta Diabetol. 2023. PMID: 36800003 Free PMC article.
- Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study.Cho MK, Kim MY. Cho MK, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 9;23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04516-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2023. PMID: 36624402 Free PMC article.
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Young-Hyman D, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. ElSayed NA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Supple 1):S68-S96. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S005. Diabetes Care. 2023. PMID: 36507648 Free PMC article.
-
- Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Interactions between sleep, circadian function, and glucose metabolism: implications for risk and severity of diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014;1311:151–73. - PubMed
- Meta-Analysis
- Review
- Systematic Review
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
- Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
- Humans
- Sleep Wake Disorders / complications
- Sleep Wake Disorders / physiopathology
- Sleep* / physiology
- Glycated Hemoglobin A
- hemoglobin A1c protein, human
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. A2.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0005.jpg)
Fig. A3.
Relationship between sleep duration and…
Fig. A3.
Relationship between sleep duration and glycemic control (GC) in children with type 1…
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and…
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and glycemic control (GC) in adults with type 1…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glycemic control (GC) in patients with…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean difference between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots for mean differences between adult type 1 diabetes…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection.…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection. Poolings were performed when there were three or…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls.…
- Sleep characteristics in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Griggs S, Redeker NS, Grey M. Griggs S, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;150:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Feb 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019. PMID: 30790611 Free PMC article. Review.
- Social jetlag, sleep-related parameters, and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional study.Rusu A, Ciobanu D, Bala C, Cerghizan A, Roman G. Rusu A, et al. J Diabetes. 2019 May;11(5):394-401. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12867. Epub 2018 Nov 11. J Diabetes. 2019. PMID: 30302947
- Subjective sleep disturbances and glycemic control in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh's Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study.Denic-Roberts H, Costacou T, Orchard TJ. Denic-Roberts H, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Sep;119:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Jun 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016. PMID: 27415404 Free PMC article.
- Impact of high-risk glycemic control on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality among youth (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to controls without diabetes.Rose S, Boucher SE, Galland BC, Wiltshire EJ, Stanley J, Smith C, de Bock MI, Rayns JA, MacKenzie KE, Wheeler BJ. Rose S, et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Aug;22(5):823-831. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13215. Epub 2021 Apr 28. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021. PMID: 33880853
- Disturbed sleep quality and architecture in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to glycemic control, vascular complications and insulin sensitivity.Abdelmaksoud AA, Salah NY, Ali ZM, Rashed HR, Abido AY. Abdelmaksoud AA, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;174:108774. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108774. Epub 2021 Mar 19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021. PMID: 33745994
- 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep) Association with Glycaemic Control and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.Patience M, Janssen X, Kirk A, McCrory S, Russell E, Hodgson W, Crawford M. Patience M, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054363. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36901373 Free PMC article. Review.
- Changes in Physical Activity Associated with Mental Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Uliana GC, Gomes DL, Galvão OF, Paracampo CCP. Uliana GC, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043081. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36833773 Free PMC article.
- Sleep quality and sex-related factors in adult patients with immune-mediated diabetes: a large cross-sectional study.Bongiorno C, Moscatiello S, Baldari M, Saudelli E, Zucchini S, Maltoni G, Ribichini D, Bruco A, Lo Preiato V, Laffi G, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Bongiorno C, et al. Acta Diabetol. 2023 May;60(5):663-672. doi: 10.1007/s00592-023-02036-9. Epub 2023 Feb 17. Acta Diabetol. 2023. PMID: 36800003 Free PMC article.
- Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study.Cho MK, Kim MY. Cho MK, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 9;23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04516-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2023. PMID: 36624402 Free PMC article.
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Young-Hyman D, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. ElSayed NA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Supple 1):S68-S96. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S005. Diabetes Care. 2023. PMID: 36507648 Free PMC article.
-
- Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Interactions between sleep, circadian function, and glucose metabolism: implications for risk and severity of diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014;1311:151–73. - PubMed
- Meta-Analysis
- Review
- Systematic Review
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
- Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
- Humans
- Sleep Wake Disorders / complications
- Sleep Wake Disorders / physiopathology
- Sleep* / physiology
- Glycated Hemoglobin A
- hemoglobin A1c protein, human
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. A3.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0006.jpg)
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and…
Fig. A4.
Relationship between sleep quality and glycemic control (GC) in adults with type 1…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glycemic control (GC) in patients with…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean difference between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots for mean differences between adult type 1 diabetes…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection.…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection. Poolings were performed when there were three or…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls.…
- Sleep characteristics in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Griggs S, Redeker NS, Grey M. Griggs S, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;150:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Feb 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019. PMID: 30790611 Free PMC article. Review.
- Social jetlag, sleep-related parameters, and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional study.Rusu A, Ciobanu D, Bala C, Cerghizan A, Roman G. Rusu A, et al. J Diabetes. 2019 May;11(5):394-401. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12867. Epub 2018 Nov 11. J Diabetes. 2019. PMID: 30302947
- Subjective sleep disturbances and glycemic control in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh's Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study.Denic-Roberts H, Costacou T, Orchard TJ. Denic-Roberts H, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Sep;119:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Jun 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016. PMID: 27415404 Free PMC article.
- Impact of high-risk glycemic control on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality among youth (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to controls without diabetes.Rose S, Boucher SE, Galland BC, Wiltshire EJ, Stanley J, Smith C, de Bock MI, Rayns JA, MacKenzie KE, Wheeler BJ. Rose S, et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Aug;22(5):823-831. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13215. Epub 2021 Apr 28. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021. PMID: 33880853
- Disturbed sleep quality and architecture in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to glycemic control, vascular complications and insulin sensitivity.Abdelmaksoud AA, Salah NY, Ali ZM, Rashed HR, Abido AY. Abdelmaksoud AA, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;174:108774. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108774. Epub 2021 Mar 19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021. PMID: 33745994
- 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep) Association with Glycaemic Control and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.Patience M, Janssen X, Kirk A, McCrory S, Russell E, Hodgson W, Crawford M. Patience M, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054363. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36901373 Free PMC article. Review.
- Changes in Physical Activity Associated with Mental Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Uliana GC, Gomes DL, Galvão OF, Paracampo CCP. Uliana GC, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043081. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36833773 Free PMC article.
- Sleep quality and sex-related factors in adult patients with immune-mediated diabetes: a large cross-sectional study.Bongiorno C, Moscatiello S, Baldari M, Saudelli E, Zucchini S, Maltoni G, Ribichini D, Bruco A, Lo Preiato V, Laffi G, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Bongiorno C, et al. Acta Diabetol. 2023 May;60(5):663-672. doi: 10.1007/s00592-023-02036-9. Epub 2023 Feb 17. Acta Diabetol. 2023. PMID: 36800003 Free PMC article.
- Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study.Cho MK, Kim MY. Cho MK, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 9;23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04516-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2023. PMID: 36624402 Free PMC article.
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Young-Hyman D, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. ElSayed NA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Supple 1):S68-S96. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S005. Diabetes Care. 2023. PMID: 36507648 Free PMC article.
-
- Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Interactions between sleep, circadian function, and glucose metabolism: implications for risk and severity of diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014;1311:151–73. - PubMed
- Meta-Analysis
- Review
- Systematic Review
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
- Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
- Humans
- Sleep Wake Disorders / complications
- Sleep Wake Disorders / physiopathology
- Sleep* / physiology
- Glycated Hemoglobin A
- hemoglobin A1c protein, human
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. A4.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0007.jpg)
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea…
Fig. A5.
Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glycemic control (GC) in patients with…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean difference between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots for mean differences between adult type 1 diabetes…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection.…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection. Poolings were performed when there were three or…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls.…
- Sleep characteristics in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Griggs S, Redeker NS, Grey M. Griggs S, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;150:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Feb 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019. PMID: 30790611 Free PMC article. Review.
- Social jetlag, sleep-related parameters, and glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional study.Rusu A, Ciobanu D, Bala C, Cerghizan A, Roman G. Rusu A, et al. J Diabetes. 2019 May;11(5):394-401. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12867. Epub 2018 Nov 11. J Diabetes. 2019. PMID: 30302947
- Subjective sleep disturbances and glycemic control in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh's Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study.Denic-Roberts H, Costacou T, Orchard TJ. Denic-Roberts H, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Sep;119:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Jun 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016. PMID: 27415404 Free PMC article.
- Impact of high-risk glycemic control on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality among youth (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to controls without diabetes.Rose S, Boucher SE, Galland BC, Wiltshire EJ, Stanley J, Smith C, de Bock MI, Rayns JA, MacKenzie KE, Wheeler BJ. Rose S, et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Aug;22(5):823-831. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13215. Epub 2021 Apr 28. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021. PMID: 33880853
- Disturbed sleep quality and architecture in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Relation to glycemic control, vascular complications and insulin sensitivity.Abdelmaksoud AA, Salah NY, Ali ZM, Rashed HR, Abido AY. Abdelmaksoud AA, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Apr;174:108774. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108774. Epub 2021 Mar 19. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021. PMID: 33745994
- 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep) Association with Glycaemic Control and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies.Patience M, Janssen X, Kirk A, McCrory S, Russell E, Hodgson W, Crawford M. Patience M, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4363. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054363. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36901373 Free PMC article. Review.
- Changes in Physical Activity Associated with Mental Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Uliana GC, Gomes DL, Galvão OF, Paracampo CCP. Uliana GC, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043081. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36833773 Free PMC article.
- Sleep quality and sex-related factors in adult patients with immune-mediated diabetes: a large cross-sectional study.Bongiorno C, Moscatiello S, Baldari M, Saudelli E, Zucchini S, Maltoni G, Ribichini D, Bruco A, Lo Preiato V, Laffi G, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Bongiorno C, et al. Acta Diabetol. 2023 May;60(5):663-672. doi: 10.1007/s00592-023-02036-9. Epub 2023 Feb 17. Acta Diabetol. 2023. PMID: 36800003 Free PMC article.
- Associated factors with depression and sleep quality in T1DM patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study.Cho MK, Kim MY. Cho MK, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 9;23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04516-2. BMC Psychiatry. 2023. PMID: 36624402 Free PMC article.
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Young-Hyman D, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. ElSayed NA, et al. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Supple 1):S68-S96. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S005. Diabetes Care. 2023. PMID: 36507648 Free PMC article.
-
- Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Interactions between sleep, circadian function, and glucose metabolism: implications for risk and severity of diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014;1311:151–73. - PubMed
- Meta-Analysis
- Review
- Systematic Review
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
- Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
- Humans
- Sleep Wake Disorders / complications
- Sleep Wake Disorders / physiopathology
- Sleep* / physiology
- Glycated Hemoglobin A
- hemoglobin A1c protein, human
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
![Fig. A5.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0008.jpg)
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean…
Fig. A6.
Funnel plots of the mean difference between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots…
Fig. A7.
Funnel and contour-enhanced funnel plots for mean differences between adult type 1 diabetes…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection.…
Fig. 1.
Flow chart of study selection. Poolings were performed when there were three or…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration…
Fig. 2.
Mean difference in sleep duration between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between…
Fig. 3.
Comparisons of sleep quality between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls.…
![Fig. A6.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0009.jpg)
![Fig. A7.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/9554893/bin/nihms-1840826-f0010.jpg)
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Source: PubMed