Current thinking about acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity

Abstract

Acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity is a clinical condition that, although uncommon, is seen fairly regularly in modern orthopedic practice. The pathophysiology of the disorder has been extensively described and is well known to physicians who care for patients with musculoskeletal injuries. The diagnosis, however, is often difficult to make. In this article, we review the clinical risk factors of acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity, identify the current concepts of diagnosis and discuss appropriate treatment plans. We also describe the Canadian medicolegal environment in regard to compartment syndrome of the lower extremity.

Figures

Fig. 1

Age distribution of patients with tibial fracture with and without acute compartment syndrome involvement (P.J. O’Brien, unpublished data, 2009). ACS = acute compartment syndrome.

Fig. 2

Lateral fasciotomy wound temporary coverage with negative pressure wound therapy.