The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Hypoxia on Cognition in Sedentary Young Adults

Shengyan Sun, Paul D Loprinzi, Hongwei Guan, Liye Zou, Zhaowei Kong, Yang Hu, Qingde Shi, Jinlei Nie, Shengyan Sun, Paul D Loprinzi, Hongwei Guan, Liye Zou, Zhaowei Kong, Yang Hu, Qingde Shi, Jinlei Nie

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Limited research has evaluated the effects of acute exercise on cognition under different conditions of inspired oxygenation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) under normoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen (FIO₂): 0.209) and moderate hypoxia (FIO₂: 0.154) on cognitive function. Design: A single-blinded cross-over design was used to observe the main effects of exercise and oxygen level, and interaction effects on cognitive task performance. Methods: Twenty inactive adults (10 males and 10 females, 19⁻27 years old) performed a cognitive task (i.e., the Go/No-Go task) before and immediately after an acute bout of HIE under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The HIE comprised 10 repetitions of 6 s high-intensity cycling against 7.5% body weight interspersed with 30 s passive recovery. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and rating of perceived exertion were monitored. Results: The acute bout of HIE did not affect the reaction time (p = 0.204, η² = 0.083) but the accuracy rate decreased significantly after HIE under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (p = 0.001, η² = 0.467). Moreover, moderate hypoxia had no influence either on reaction time (p = 0.782, η² = 0.004) or response accuracy (p = 0.972, η² < 0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate that an acute session of HIE may impair response accuracy immediately post-HIE, without sacrificing reaction time. Meanwhile moderate hypoxia was found to have no adverse effect on cognitive function in inactive young adults, at least in the present study.

Keywords: Go/No-Go task; cognitive function; peripheral oxygen saturation; reaction time; response accuracy.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in reaction time (A) and accuracy (B) subtracted from the baseline at resting at sea level on the Go/No-Go test before and after HIE under normoxia (20.9% O2) and hypoxia (15.2% O2). * p < 0.001 vs. Rest (pre-exercise). Tukey’s post hoc paired t-tests were employed.

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