The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA)

Wolf E Mehling, Cynthia Price, Jennifer J Daubenmier, Mike Acree, Elizabeth Bartmess, Anita Stewart, Wolf E Mehling, Cynthia Price, Jennifer J Daubenmier, Mike Acree, Elizabeth Bartmess, Anita Stewart

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a multidimensional self-report measure of interoceptive body awareness. The systematic mixed-methods process involved reviewing the current literature, specifying a multidimensional conceptual framework, evaluating prior instruments, developing items, and analyzing focus group responses to scale items by instructors and patients of body awareness-enhancing therapies. Following refinement by cognitive testing, items were field-tested in students and instructors of mind-body approaches. Final item selection was achieved by submitting the field test data to an iterative process using multiple validation methods, including exploratory cluster and confirmatory factor analyses, comparison between known groups, and correlations with established measures of related constructs. The resulting 32-item multidimensional instrument assesses eight concepts. The psychometric properties of these final scales suggest that the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) may serve as a starting point for research and further collaborative refinement.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Iterative Sequence of Development and…
Figure 1. Iterative Sequence of Development and Testing of the MAIA.

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