Effects of mindfulness training on different components of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: results from a pilot randomized study

Joaquim Soler, Matilde Elices, Juan C Pascual, Ana Martín-Blanco, Albert Feliu-Soler, Cristina Carmona, Maria J Portella, Joaquim Soler, Matilde Elices, Juan C Pascual, Ana Martín-Blanco, Albert Feliu-Soler, Cristina Carmona, Maria J Portella

Abstract

Background: Impulsivity is considered a core characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous research on the effects of mindfulness training (MT) has shown that it might modify impulsivity-related aspects of BPD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MT on various facets of impulsivity in BPD patients.

Methods: Subjects with BPD diagnosis (n = 64) were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of MT (n = 32) or interpersonal effectiveness skills training (IE; n = 32). All participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention with a self-reported measure of impulsivity and five behavioral neuropsychological tasks to evaluate response inhibition, tolerance for delay rewards, and time perception.

Results: An interaction effect of time × group was only observed for some of the behavioral paradigms used. Participants in the MT group improved their ability to delay gratification and showed changes in time perception, consistent with a decrease in impulsivity. No differences were observed between treatments in terms of trait impulsivity and response inhibition.

Conclusions: Mindfulness training might improve some aspects of impulsivity but not others. Further study is warranted to better determine the effects of mindfulness training on the components of impulsivity.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02397031.

Keywords: Borderline personality disorder; Delayed reward; Impulsivity; Mindfulness; Response inhibition; Time perception.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Consort diagram of subject flow through the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Time (pre vs. post) × group (mindfulness and interpersonal effectiveness) effects for two choice impulsivity paradigm (TCIP) scores in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Values are shown as means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. Differences in pre – post mean values in the mindfulness group were significant: *p = .003. b Time (pre vs. post) × group (mindfulness and interpersonal effectiveness) effects for time paradigm scores in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Values are shown as means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. Differences in pre – post mean values in the mindfulness group were significant: *p = .034

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