Study protocol for prevention of falls: a randomized controlled trial of effects of vitamin D and exercise on falls prevention

Kirsti Uusi-Rasi, Pekka Kannus, Saija Karinkanta, Matti Pasanen, Radhika Patil, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Harri Sievänen, Kirsti Uusi-Rasi, Pekka Kannus, Saija Karinkanta, Matti Pasanen, Radhika Patil, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Harri Sievänen

Abstract

Background: Falls are the leading cause of unintentional injury and injury-related death among older people. In addition to physical activity, vitamin D also may affect balance and neuromuscular function. Low serum 25-hydroksivitamin D level increases the risk of bone loss, falls and fractures. Thus, an appropriate exercise program and sufficient vitamin D intake may significantly improve not only functional balance, but also balance confidence. Balance represents a complex motor skill determined by reaction time, muscle strength, and speed and coordination of movement.

Methods/design: A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled vitamin D and open exercise trial of 409 home-dwelling women 70 to 80 years of age comprising four study arms: 1) exercise + vitamin D (800 IU/d), 2) exercise + placebo, 3) no exercise + vitamin D (800 IU/d), 4) no exercise + placebo. In addition to monthly fall diaries, general health status, life style, bone health, physical functioning, and vitamin D metabolism will be assessed. The primary outcomes are the rate of falls and fall-related injuries. Secondary outcomes include changes in neuromuscular functioning (e.g. body balance, muscle strength), ADL- and mobility functions, bone density and structure, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life and fear of falling.

Discussion: The successful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of exercise and vitamin D for falls reduction.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov -register (NCT00986466).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the randomized control trial.

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