Safety and efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in chronic allograft injury

Abstract

Angiotensin II plays a crucial role in the development of chronic allograft injury (CAI). Clinical experience with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockade (ARBS) in CAI has unfortunately been limited. We carried out a prospective one year single center case controlled study to analyze the effect of ACEI /ARBS on the progression of CAI and in decreasing proteinuria. One hundred patients with CAI were evaluated. Of the 100 patients, 50 were selected to receive ACEI/ ARBS (group 1) and 50 managed without ACEI/ARBS (group 2). Their remaining management was similar in both the groups. Patients with hyperkalemia, history of allergic reactions, ACEI/ARBS intake and pregnancy were excluded. Average time for development of CAI was 19.6 ± 12.7 months in group 1 vs. 20.8 ± 12.8 in group 2. In group 1, mean systolic/diastolic BP was 136/82 mmHg at the time of establishment of CAI and 124/76 mmHg at the end of one year, and in group 2, it was 138/86 mmHg vs. 126/80 mmHg, respectively. Mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 48.78 ± 13.4 in the former vs. 44.23 ± 8.14 in the latter. ACEI/ARBS administration was associated with stabilization of serum creatinine. GFR was maintained up to one year after CAI. Group 1 had a decrease in proteinuria by 1.41 g/day as compared with group 2 with proteinuria of 0.83 g/day. ACEI/ARBS administration is beneficial in CAI for BP control and significant decrease in proteinuria along with the stabilization of graft function.